Регламент (ЕС) № 2271/96 — Блокирующий регламент

This Regulation provides protection against and counteracts the effects of the extra-territorial application of the laws specified in the Annex of this Regulation, including regulations and other legislative instruments, and of actions based thereon or resulting therefrom, where such application affects the interests of persons, referred to in Article 11, engaging in international trade and/or the movement of capital and related commercial activities between the Community and third countries.

The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 11a to add to the Annex to this Regulation laws, regulations or other legislative instruments of third countries having extraterritorial application and causing adverse effects on the interests of the Union and the interests of natural and legal persons exercising rights under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and to delete laws, regulations or other legislative instruments when they no longer have such effects.

Where the economic and/or financial interests of any person referred to in Article 11 are affected, directly or indirectly, by the laws specified in the Annex or by actions based thereon or resulting therefrom, that person shall inform the Commission accordingly within 30 days from the date on which it obtained such information; insofar as the interests of a legal person are affected, this obligation applies to the directors, managers and other persons with management responsibilities (1).

At the request of the Commission, such person shall provide all information relevant for the purposes of this Regulation in accordance with the request from the Commission within 30 days from the date of the request.

All information shall be submitted to the Commission either directly or through the competent authorities of the Member States. Should the information be submitted directly to the Commission, the Commission will inform immediately the competent authorities of the Member States in which the person who gave the information is resident or incorporated.

All information supplied in accordance with Article 2 shall only be used for the purposes for which it was provided.

Information which is by nature confidential or which is provided on a confidential basis shall be covered by the obligation of professional secrecy. It shall not be disclosed by the Commission without the express permission of the person providing it.

Communication of such information shall be permitted where the Commission is obliged or authorized to do so, in particular in connection with legal proceedings. Such communication must take into account the legitimate interests of the person concerned that his or her business secrets should not be divulged.

This Article shall not preclude the disclosure of general information by the Commission. Such disclosure shall not be permitted if this is incompatible with the original purpose of such information.

In the event of a breach of confidentiality, the originator of the information shall be entitled to obtain that it be deleted, disregarded or rectified, as the case may be.

No judgment of a court or tribunal and no decision of an administrative authority located outside the Community giving effect, directly or indirectly, to the laws specified in the Annex or to actions based thereon or resulting there from, shall be recognized or be enforceable in any manner.

No person referred to in Article 11 shall comply, whether directly or through a subsidiary or other intermediary person, actively or by deliberate omission, with any requirement or prohibition, including requests of foreign courts, based on or resulting, directly or indirectly, from the laws specified in the Annex or from actions based thereon or resulting therefrom.

Persons may be authorized, in accordance with the procedures provided in Articles 7 and 8, to comply fully or partially to the extent that non-compliance would seriously damage their interests or those of the Community. The criteria for the application of this provision shall be established in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 8. When there is sufficient evidence that non-compliance would cause serious damage to a natural or legal person, the Commission shall expeditiously submit to the committee referred to in Article 8 a draft of the appropriate measures to be taken under the terms of the Regulation.

Any person referred to in Article 11, who is engaging in an activity referred to in Article 1 shall be entitled to recover any damages, including legal costs, caused to that person by the application of the laws specified in the Annex or by actions based thereon or resulting therefrom.

Such recovery may be obtained from the natural or legal person or any other entity causing the damages or from any person acting on its behalf or intermediary.

The Brussels Convention of 27 September 1968 on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters shall apply to proceedings brought and judgments given under this Article. Recovery may be obtained on the basis of the provisions of Sections 2 to 6 of Title II of that Convention, as well as, in accordance with Article 57 (3) of that Convention, through judicial proceedings instituted in the Courts of any Member State where that person, entity, person acting on its behalf or intermediary holds assets.

Without prejudice to other means available and in accordance with applicable law, the recovery could take the form of seizure and sale of assets held by those persons, entities, persons acting on their behalf or intermediaries within the Community, including shares held in a legal person incorporated within the Community.

For the implementation of this Regulation the Commission shall:

(a) inform the European Parliament and the Council immediately and fully of the effects of the laws, regulations and other legislative instruments and ensuing actions mentioned in Article 1, on the basis of the information obtained under this Regulation, and make regularly a full public report thereon;

(b) grant authorization under the conditions set forth in Article 5 and, when laying down the time limits with regard to the delivery by the Committee of its opinion, take fully into account the time limits which have to be complied with by the persons which are to be subject of an authorization;

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(d) publish a notice in the Official Journal of the European Communities on the judgments and decisions to which Articles 4 and 6 apply;

(e) publish in the Official Journal of the European Communities the names and addresses of the competent authorities of the Member States referred to in Article 2.

1. For the purpose of implementing Article 7(b), the Commission shall be assisted by the Committee on Extra-territorial Legislation. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. That Committee shall be a committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council (1).

2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.

Each Member State shall determine the sanctions to be imposed in the event of breach of any relevant provisions of this Regulation. Such sanctions must be effective, proportional and dissuasive.

The Commission and the Member States shall inform each other of the measures taken under this Regulation and of all other relevant information pertaining to this Regulation.

This Regulation shall apply to:

1. any natural person being a resident in the Community (1) and a national of a Member State,

2. any legal person incorporated within the Community,

3. any natural or legal person referred to in Article 1 (2) of Regulation (EEC) No 4055/86 (2),

4. any other natural person being a resident in the Community, unless that person is in the country of which he is a national,

5. any other natural person within the Community, including its territorial waters and air space and in any aircraft or on any vessel under the jurisdiction or control of a Member State, acting in a professional capacity.

1. The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in this Article.

2. The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Article 1 shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of five years from 20 February 2014. The Commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of power not later than nine months before the end of the five-year period. The delegation of power shall be tacitly extended for periods of an identical duration, unless the European Parliament or the Council opposes such extension not later than three months before the end of each period.

3. The delegation of power referred to in Article 1 may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council. A decision to revoke shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the European Union or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.

4. As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the European Parliament and to the Council.

5. A delegated act adopted pursuant to Article 1 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or the Council within a period of two months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and to the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by four months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of the Council.

This Regulation shall enter into force on the day of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

1. ‘National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993’, Title XVII ‘Cuban Democracy Act 1992’, sections 1704 and 1706

Required compliance:

The requirements are consolidated in Title I of the ‘Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1996’, see below.

Possible damages to EU interests:

The liabilities incurred are now incorporated within the ‘Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1996’, see below.

2. ‘Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1996’

Title I

Required compliance:

To comply with the economic and financial embargo concerning Cuba by the USA, by, inter alia, not exporting to the USA any goods or services of Cuban origin or containing materials or goods originating in Cuba either directly or through third countries, dealing in merchandise that is or has been located in or transported from or through Cuba, re-exporting to the USA sugar originating in Cuba without notification by the competent national authority of the exporter or importing into the USA sugar products without assurance that those products are not products of Cuba, freezing Cuban assets, and financial dealings with Cuba.

Possible damages to EU interests:

Prohibition to load or unload freight from a vessel in any place in the USA or to enter a USA port; refusal to import any goods or services originating in Cuba and to import into Cuba goods or services originating in the USA, blocking of financial dealings involving Cuba.

Title III and Title IV:

Required compliance:

To terminate ‘trafficking’ in property, formerly owned by US persons (including Cubans who have obtained US citizenship) and expropriated by the Cuban regime. (Trafficking includes: use, sale, transfer, control, management and other activities to the benefit of a person).

Possible damages to EU interests:

Legal proceedings in the USA, based upon liability already accruing, against EU citizens or companies involved in trafficking, leading to judgments/decisions to pay (multiple) compensation to the USA party. Refusal of entry into the USA for persons involved in trafficking, including the spouses, minor children and agents thereof.

3. ‘Iran Sanctions Act of 1996’

Required compliance:

Not to knowingly:

(i) invest in Iran at least USD 20 million during a period of 12 months that directly and significantly contributes to the enhancement of the Iranian ability to develop their petroleum resources;

(ii) provide to Iran goods, services or other types of support any of which is worth USD 1 million or more, or of aggregate value of USD 5 million or more over a period of 12 months, that could directly and significantly facilitate the maintenance or expansion of Iran's domestic production of refined petroleum products or its ability to develop petroleum resources located in Iran;

(iii) provide to Iran goods, services or other types of support any of which is worth USD 250 000 or more, or of aggregate value of USD 1 million or more over a period of 12 months, that could directly and significantly contribute to the maintenance or expansion of Iran's domestic production of petrochemical products;

(iv) provide to Iran (a) refined petroleum products or (b) goods, services or other types of support which could directly and significantly contribute to the enhancement of Iran's ability to import refined petroleum products, any of which is worth USD 1 million or more, or of aggregate value of USD 5 million or more over a period of 12 months;

(v) participate in a joint venture for the development of petroleum resources outside of Iran established on or after 1 January 2002 and in which Iran or its Government has particular interests;

(vi) be involved in the transport of crude oil from Iran or conceal the Iranian origin of cargo consisting in crude oil and refined petroleum products;

Possible damages to EU interests:

Measures to limit imports into USA or procurement to USA, prohibition of designation as primary dealer or as repository of US Government funds, denial of access to loans from US financial institutions or transfers through such institutions, prohibition of transactions in foreign exchange subject to the jurisdiction of the USA, export restrictions by USA, prohibition of property transactions subject to the jurisdiction of the USA, or refusal of assistance by EXIM-Bank, landing and port-calling restrictions for vessels.

4. ‘Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act of 2012’

Required compliance:

Not to knowingly:

(i) provide significant support, including by facilitating significant financial transactions, or goods or services, to or on behalf of certain persons operating in the ports, energy, shipping, or shipbuilding sectors in Iran, or any Iranian person included in the list of specially designated nationals and blocked persons;

(ii) trade with Iran in significant goods and services used in connection with the energy, shipping or shipbuilding sectors of Iran;

(iii) purchase petroleum and petroleum products from Iran and conduct financial transactions related with them, in specific circumstances;

(iv) conduct or facilitate transactions for the trade in natural gas to or from Iran (applies to foreign financial institutions);

(v) trade with Iran in precious metals, graphite, raw or semi-finished metals, or software that may be used in specific sectors or involve certain persons; nor facilitate a significant financial transaction in connection with such trade;

(vi) provide underwriting services, insurance and reinsurance related to specific activities, including but not limited to those under points (i) and (ii) above, or to specific categories of persons;

Certain exceptions apply depending on the nature of the trade or transaction and the level of due diligence applied.

Possible damages to EU interests:

Measures to limit imports into USA or procurement to USA, prohibition of designation as primary dealer or as repository of US Government funds, denial of access to loans from US financial institutions or transfers through such institutions, prohibition of transactions in foreign exchange subject to the jurisdiction of the USA, export restrictions by USA, prohibition of property transactions subject to the jurisdiction of the USA, or refusal of assistance by EXIM-Bank, prohibitions and limitations to the opening and maintenance of correspondent accounts in the USA.

5. ‘National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012’

Required compliance:

Not to knowingly conduct or facilitate any significant financial transaction with the Central Bank of Iran or another designated Iranian financial institution (applies to foreign financial institutions).

Exceptions for food and medicine-related transactions and for petroleum-related transactions under specific circumstances.

Possible damages to EU interests:

Civil and criminal penalties; prohibitions and limitations to the opening and maintenance of correspondent accounts in the USA.

6. ‘Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012’

Required compliance:

Not to knowingly:

(i) provide underwriting services, insurance or reinsurance to certain Iranian persons;

(ii) facilitate the issuance of Iranian sovereign debt, or of debt of entities controlled by the latter;

(iii) engage in any transaction directly or indirectly with the Government of Iran or any person subject to the jurisdiction of the Government of Iran prohibited by US law (applies to foreign subsidiaries owned or controlled by US persons);

(iv) provide specialized financial messaging services to, or enable or facilitate direct or indirect access to such messaging services for the Central Bank of Iran or a financial institution whose interests in property are blocked in connection to Iran's proliferation activities.

With regard to (i), there are exceptions for humanitarian assistance, food and medical products supply, and depending on the level of due diligence applied.

Possible damages to EU interests:

Measures to limit imports into USA or procurement to USA, prohibition of designation as primary dealer or as repository of US Government funds, denial of access to loans from US financial institutions or transfers through such institutions, prohibition of transactions in foreign exchange subject to the jurisdiction of the USA, export restrictions by USA, prohibition of property transactions subject to the jurisdiction of the USA, or refusal of assistance by EXIM-Bank, prohibitions and limitations to the opening and maintenance of correspondent accounts in the USA

‘Iranian Transactions and Sanctions Regulations’

Required compliance:

Not to reexport any goods, technology, or services that (a) have been exported from the USA and (b) are subject to export control rules in the USA, if the export is made knowing or having reason to know that it is specifically intended for Iran or its Government.

Goods substantially transformed into a foreign-made product outside the USA, and goods incorporated into such a product and representing less than 10 % of its value are not subject to the prohibition.

Possible damages to EU interests:

Imposition of civil penalties, fines and imprisonment.

1. 31 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) Ch. V (7-1-95 edition) Part 515 — Cuban Assets Control Regulations, subpart B (Prohibitions), E (Licenses, Authorizations and Statements of Licensing Policy) and G (Penalties)

Required compliance:

The prohibitions are consolidated in Title I of the ‘Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1996’, see above. Furthermore, requires the obtaining of licences and/or authorizations in respect of economic activities concerning Cuba.

Possible damages to EU interests:

Fines, forfeiture, imprisonment in cases of violation.