Источник дохода в налоговом праве США: статьи 861–865 Налогового кодекса

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ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЕ США

Источник дохода: США и иностранные государства

Source of income

Налоговый кодекс США · 26 U.S.C.

26 U.S.C. § 861. Доход из источников в Соединённых Штатах

Income from sources within the United States

Источник EN · Office of the Law Revision Counsel ↗

Русский перевод

(a) Валовой доход из источников в США

Следующие виды валового дохода признаются доходом из источников в США:

(1) Проценты

Проценты, выплачиваемые Соединёнными Штатами или округом Колумбия, а также проценты по облигациям, векселям или иным процентным обязательствам резидентов, не являющихся корпорациями, или корпораций США, за исключением:

(A) процентов:

(i) по вкладам в иностранном филиале корпорации США или партнёрства США, если такой филиал занимается коммерческой банковской деятельностью, и

(ii) по суммам, отвечающим требованиям подпункта (B) статьи 871(i)(3), которые выплачиваются иностранным филиалом корпорации США или партнёрства США, и

(B) в случае иностранного партнёрства, которое преимущественно занимается активным ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности за пределами США, — любых процентов, которые не выплачиваются в рамках торговой или предпринимательской деятельности, осуществляемой партнёрством в США, и не относятся к доходу, фактически связанному (или рассматриваемому как фактически связанный) с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США.

(2) Дивиденды

Суммы, полученные в качестве дивидендов:

(A) от корпорации США; или

(B) от иностранной корпорации, кроме случая, когда менее 25 процентов валового дохода такой иностранной корпорации из всех источников за 3-летний период, заканчивающийся с окончанием её налогового года, предшествующего объявлению таких дивидендов (или за ту часть этого периода, в течение которой корпорация существовала), были фактически связаны (или рассматривались как фактически связанные, за исключением дохода, указанного в статье 884(d)(2)) с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США, — но только в сумме, которая составляет такую же долю таких дивидендов, какую валовой доход корпорации за этот период, фактически связанный (или рассматриваемый как фактически связанный, за исключением дохода, указанного в статье 884(d)(2)) с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США, составляет в её валовом доходе из всех источников; однако дивиденды иностранной корпорации (кроме дивидендов, в отношении которых допускается вычет согласно статье 245(b)) для целей подчасти A части III (о зачёте иностранного налога) рассматриваются как доход из источников за пределами США в той мере (и только в той мере), в какой они превышают сумму, составляющую 100/50 суммы вычета, допускаемого согласно статье 245 в отношении таких дивидендов; или

(C) от иностранной корпорации в той мере, в какой согласно статье 243(e) (об определённых дивидендах от иностранных корпораций) такая сумма подлежит признанию дивидендами от корпорации США, облагаемой налогом в соответствии с настоящей главой, и в этой мере подпункт (B) к такой сумме не применяется; или

(D) от DISC или бывшей DISC (в значении статьи 992(a)), за исключением той части, которая относится (как определяется в соответствии с правилами, установленными министром финансов) к квалифицированным экспортным поступлениям, указанным в статье 993(a)(1) (кроме процентов и прибыли от реализации, указанных в статье 995(b)(1)).

В отношении любого дивиденда от корпорации с 20-процентным участием (в значении статьи 243(c)(2)) подпункт (B) применяется с заменой «100/50» на «100/65».

(3) Личные услуги

Вознаграждение за труд или личные услуги, выполненные в США; однако вознаграждение за труд или услуги, выполненные в США, не признаётся доходом из источников в США, если:

(A) труд или услуги выполнены иностранным физическим лицом — нерезидентом, временно находящимся в США в течение периода или периодов общей продолжительностью не более 90 дней за налоговый год;

(B) общая сумма такого вознаграждения не превышает 3000 долларов; и

(C) вознаграждение выплачивается за труд или услуги, выполненные в качестве работника у одного из следующих лиц либо по договору с ним:

(i) иностранное физическое лицо — нерезидент, иностранное партнёрство или иностранная корпорация, не ведущие торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США; либо

(ii) физическое лицо — гражданин или резидент США, партнёрство США или корпорация США, если такой труд или такие услуги выполняются для конторы или места деятельности, которые такое физическое лицо, партнёрство или корпорация содержит в иностранном государстве или во владении США.

Кроме того, вознаграждение за труд или услуги, выполненные в США, не признаётся доходом из источников в США, если они выполнены иностранным физическим лицом — нерезидентом в связи с временным пребыванием в США в качестве штатного члена экипажа иностранного судна, выполняющего перевозки между США и иностранным государством либо владением США.

(4) Арендная плата и роялти

Арендная плата или роялти за имущество, находящееся в США, или за любое право (interest) на такое имущество, включая арендную плату или роялти за использование или право использования в США патентов, авторских прав, секретных технологий и формул, гудвилла, товарных знаков, торговых марок, франшиз и иного аналогичного имущества.

(5) Отчуждение доли участия в недвижимом имуществе в США

Прибыль от реализации, иная прибыль и доход от отчуждения доли участия в недвижимом имуществе в США (в значении статьи 897(c)).

(6) Продажа или обмен товарно-материальных запасов

Прибыль от реализации, иная прибыль и доход, полученные от приобретения товарно-материальных запасов (в значении статьи 865(i)(1)) за пределами США (кроме как во владении США) и их продажи или обмена в США.

(7) Суммы, полученные в качестве дохода от страховой деятельности (underwriting income) (в значении статьи 832(b)(3)) от заключения (или перестрахования) любого договора страхования или договора аннуитета:

(A) в связи с имуществом, находящимся в США, ответственностью, возникающей из деятельности в США, либо с жизнью или здоровьем резидентов США; или

(B) в связи с рисками, не указанными в подпункте (A), в результате любой договорённости, по которой другая корпорация получает по существу равную сумму премий или иного встречного предоставления в связи с заключением (или перестрахованием) любого договора страхования или договора аннуитета в связи с имуществом, находящимся в США, ответственностью, возникающей из деятельности в США, либо с жизнью или здоровьем резидентов США.

(8) Пособия по социальному обеспечению

Любое пособие по социальному обеспечению (в значении статьи 86(d)).

(9) Гарантии

Суммы, полученные прямо или косвенно от:

(A) резидента, не являющегося корпорацией, или корпорации США за предоставление гарантии по любой задолженности такого резидента или корпорации; или

(B) любого иностранного лица за предоставление гарантии по любой задолженности такого лица, если такая сумма связана с доходом, фактически связанным (или рассматриваемым как фактически связанный) с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США.

(b) Налогооблагаемый доход из источников в США

Из статей валового дохода, указанных в пункте (a) в качестве дохода из источников в США, вычитаются расходы, убытки и иные вычеты, надлежащим образом распределённые или отнесённые к ним, а также пропорциональная часть любых расходов, убытков или иных вычетов, которые не могут быть определённо отнесены к какой-либо статье или категории валового дохода. Остаток, если он имеется, в полном объёме включается в налогооблагаемый доход из источников в США. В случае физического лица, не применяющего постатейные вычеты, сумма, равная стандартному вычету, считается вычетом, который не может быть определённо отнесён к какой-либо статье или категории валового дохода.

Для целей пункта (a)(2)(B), если у иностранной корпорации нет валового дохода из какого-либо источника за указанный 3-летний период (или его часть), требования этого пункта применяются в отношении того налогового года такой корпорации, в котором выплачивается дивиденд.

(d) Доход от определённого железнодорожного подвижного состава рассматривается как доход из источников в США

(1) Общее правило

Для целей пункта (a) и статьи 862(a), если:

(A) налогоплательщик сдаёт в аренду железнодорожный подвижной состав, являющийся имуществом, указанным в статье 1245 (в значении статьи 1245(a)(3)), железнодорожному перевозчику общего пользования США или корпорации, прямо или косвенно контролируемой одним или несколькими такими перевозчиками общего пользования, и

(B) предполагается, что использование по такому договору аренды будет осуществляться в США,

все суммы, включаемые налогоплательщиком в валовой доход в отношении такого железнодорожного подвижного состава (включая прибыль от продажи или иного отчуждения такого железнодорожного подвижного состава), рассматриваются как доход из источников в США. Требования подпункта (B) предыдущего предложения считаются выполненными, если единственным предполагаемым использованием за пределами США является использование каким-либо лицом (независимо от того, является ли оно лицом США) в Канаде или Мексике на временной основе, продолжительность которого предположительно не превысит в общей сложности 90 дней в любом налоговом году.

(2) Подпункт (1) не применяется, если арендодатель входит в контролируемую группу, включающую железную дорогу

Подпункт (1) не применяется к аренде между двумя членами одной контролируемой группы корпораций (в значении статьи 1563), если какой-либо член такой группы является железнодорожным перевозчиком общего пользования США либо маневровой или терминальной компанией, все акции которой принадлежат одному или нескольким железнодорожным перевозчикам общего пользования США.

(3) Отказ в зачёте иностранного налога

Зачёт согласно статье 901 не предоставляется в отношении каких-либо платежей иностранным государствам применительно к любой сумме, полученной налогоплательщиком в отношении железнодорожного подвижного состава, на который распространяется подпункт (1).

(e) Перекрёстная ссылка

О налоговом режиме процентов, выплачиваемых филиалом иностранной корпорации, см. статью 884(f).

English original

(a) Gross income from sources within United States

The following items of gross income shall be treated as income from sources within the United States:

(1) Interest

Interest from the United States or the District of Columbia, and interest on bonds, notes, or other interest-bearing obligations of noncorporate residents or domestic corporations not including⁠—

(A) interest⁠—

(i) on deposits with a foreign branch of a domestic corporation or a domestic partnership if such branch is engaged in the commercial banking business, and

(ii) on amounts satisfying the requirements of subparagraph (B) of section 871(i)(3) which are paid by a foreign branch of a domestic corporation or a domestic partnership, and

(B) in the case of a foreign partnership, which is predominantly engaged in the active conduct of a trade or business outside the United States, any interest not paid by a trade or business engaged in by the partnership in the United States and not allocable to income which is effectively connected (or treated as effectively connected) with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.

(2) Dividends

The amount received as dividends⁠—

(A) from a domestic corporation, or

(B) from a foreign corporation unless less than 25 percent of the gross income from all sources of such foreign corporation for the 3-year period ending with the close of its taxable year preceding the declaration of such dividends (or for such part of such period as the corporation has been in existence) was effectively connected (or treated as effectively connected other than income described in section 884(d)(2)) with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States; but only in an amount which bears the same ratio to such dividends as the gross income of the corporation for such period which was effectively connected (or treated as effectively connected other than income described in section 884(d)(2)) with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States bears to its gross income from all sources; but dividends (other than dividends for which a deduction is allowable under section 245(b)) from a foreign corporation shall, for purposes of subpart A of part III (relating to foreign tax credit), be treated as income from sources without the United States to the extent (and only to the extent) exceeding the amount which is 100/50th of the amount of the deduction allowable under section 245 in respect of such dividends, or

(C) from a foreign corporation to the extent that such amount is required by section 243(e) (relating to certain dividends from foreign corporations) to be treated as dividends from a domestic corporation which is subject to taxation under this chapter, and to such extent subparagraph (B) shall not apply to such amount, or

(D) from a DISC or former DISC (as defined in section 992(a)) except to the extent attributable (as determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary) to qualified export receipts described in section 993(a)(1) (other than interest and gains described in section 995(b)(1)).

In the case of any dividend from a 20-percent owned corporation (as defined in section 243(c)(2)), subparagraph (B) shall be applied by substituting “100/65th” for “100/50th”.

(3) Personal services

Compensation for labor or personal services performed in the United States; except that compensation for labor or services performed in the United States shall not be deemed to be income from sources within the United States if⁠—

(A) the labor or services are performed by a nonresident alien individual temporarily present in the United States for a period or periods not exceeding a total of 90 days during the taxable year,

(B) such compensation does not exceed $3,000 in the aggregate, and

(i) a nonresident alien, foreign partnership, or foreign corporation, not engaged in trade or business within the United States, or

(ii) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, a domestic partnership, or a domestic corporation, if such labor or services are performed for an office or place of business maintained in a foreign country or in a possession of the United States by such individual, partnership, or corporation.

In addition, compensation for labor or services performed in the United States shall not be deemed to be income from sources within the United States if the labor or services are performed by a nonresident alien individual in connection with the individual’s temporary presence in the United States as a regular member of the crew of a foreign vessel engaged in transportation between the United States and a foreign country or a possession of the United States.

(4) Rentals and royalties

Rentals or royalties from property located in the United States or from any interest in such property, including rentals or royalties for the use of or for the privilege of using in the United States patents, copyrights, secret processes and formulas, good will, trade-marks, trade brands, franchises, and other like property.

(5) Disposition of United States real property interest

Gains, profits, and income from the disposition of a United States real property interest (as defined in section 897(c)).

(6) Sale or exchange of inventory property

Gains, profits, and income derived from the purchase of inventory property (within the meaning of section 865(i)(1)) without the United States (other than within a possession of the United States) and its sale or exchange within the United States.

(7) Amounts received as underwriting income (as defined in section 832(b)(3)) derived from the issuing (or reinsuring) of any insurance or annuity contract⁠—

(A) in connection with property in, liability arising out of an activity in, or in connection with the lives or health of residents of, the United States, or

(B) in connection with risks not described in subparagraph (A) as a result of any arrangement whereby another corporation receives a substantially equal amount of premiums or other consideration in respect to issuing (or reinsuring) any insurance or annuity contract in connection with property in, liability arising out of activity in, or in connection with the lives or health of residents of, the United States.

(8) Social security benefits

Any social security benefit (as defined in section 86(d)).

(9) Guarantees

Amounts received, directly or indirectly, from⁠—

(A) a noncorporate resident or domestic corporation for the provision of a guarantee of any indebtedness of such resident or corporation, or

(B) any foreign person for the provision of a guarantee of any indebtedness of such person, if such amount is connected with income which is effectively connected (or treated as effectively connected) with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.

(b) Taxable income from sources within United States

From the items of gross income specified in subsection (a) as being income from sources within the United States there shall be deducted the expenses, losses, and other deductions properly apportioned or allocated thereto and a ratable part of any expenses, losses, or other deductions which cannot definitely be allocated to some item or class of gross income. The remainder, if any, shall be included in full as taxable income from sources within the United States. In the case of an individual who does not itemize deductions, an amount equal to the standard deduction shall be considered a deduction which cannot definitely be allocated to some item or class of gross income.

For purposes of subsection (a)(2)(B), if the foreign corporation has no gross income from any source for the 3-year period (or part thereof) specified, the requirements of such subsection shall be applied with respect to the taxable year of such corporation in which the payment of the dividend is made.

(d) Income from certain railroad rolling stock treated as income from sources within the United States

(1) General rule

For purposes of subsection (a) and section 862(a), if⁠—

(A) a taxpayer leases railroad rolling stock which is section 1245 property (as defined in section 1245(a)(3)) to a domestic common carrier by railroad or a corporation which is controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more such common carriers, and

(B) the use under such lease is expected to be use within the United States,

all amounts includible in gross income by the taxpayer with respect to such railroad rolling stock (including gain from sale or other disposition of such railroad rolling stock) shall be treated as income from sources within the United States. The requirements of subparagraph (B) of the preceding sentence shall be treated as satisfied if the only expected use outside the United States is use by a person (whether or not a United States person) in Canada or Mexico on a temporary basis which is not expected to exceed a total of 90 days in any taxable year.

(2) Paragraph (1) not to apply where lessor is a member of controlled group which includes a railroad

Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a lease between two members of the same controlled group of corporations (as defined in section 1563) if any member of such group is a domestic common carrier by railroad or a switching or terminal company all of whose stock is owned by one or more domestic common carriers by railroad.

(3) Denial of foreign tax credit

No credit shall be allowed under section 901 for any payments to foreign countries with respect to any amount received by the taxpayer with respect to railroad rolling stock which is subject to paragraph (1).

(e) Cross reference

For treatment of interest paid by the branch of a foreign corporation, see section 884(f).

Примечания и история источника · EN

( Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736 , 68A Stat. 275 ; Pub. L. 86-779, § 3(b) , Sept. 14, 1960 , 74 Stat. 998 ; Pub. L. 87-834, § 9(c) , Oct. 16, 1962 , 76 Stat. 1001 ; Pub. L. 89-809, title I, § 102(a)(1) –(3), (b), (c), Nov. 13, 1966 , 80 Stat. 1541–1543 ; Pub. L. 91-172, title IV, § 435(a) , Dec. 30, 1969 , 83 Stat. 625 ; Pub. L. 92-9, § 3(a)(2) , Apr. 1, 1971 , 85 Stat. 15 ; Pub. L. 92-178, title III, § 314(a) , title V, § 503, Dec. 10, 1971 , 85 Stat. 528 , 550; Pub. L. 93-625 , §§ 8, 9(a), Jan. 3, 1975 , 88 Stat. 2116 ; Pub. L. 94-455, title X , §§ 1036(a), 1041, 1051(h)(3), title XIX, §§ 1901(b)(26)(A), (B), (c)(7), 1904(b)(10)(B), 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976 , 90 Stat. 1633 , 1634, 1647, 1798, 1803, 1817, 1834; Pub. L. 95-30, title I, § 102(b)(9) , May 23, 1977 , 91 Stat. 138 ; Pub. L. 95-600, title III, § 370(a) , title V, § 540(a), Nov. 6, 1978 , 92 Stat. 2858 , 2887; Pub. L. 96-499, title XI, § 1124 , Dec. 5, 1980 , 94 Stat. 2690 ; Pub. L. 96-605, title I, § 104(a) , Dec. 28, 1980 , 94 Stat. 3523 ; Pub. L. 98-21, title I, § 121(d) , Apr. 20, 1983 , 97 Stat. 83 ; Pub. L. 99-514, title I, § 104(b)(11) , title XII, §§ 1211(b)(1)(B), 1212(d), 1214(a), (b), (c)(5), 1241(b), Oct. 22, 1986 , 100 Stat. 2105 , 2536, 2539, 2541–2543, 2579; Pub. L. 100-203, title X, § 10221(d)(4) , Dec. 22, 1987 , 101 Stat. 1330–409 ; Pub. L. 100-647, title I , §§ 1012(g)(3), (i)(10), (14)(B), (q)(7), (9), (15), 1018(u)(39), Nov. 10, 1988 , 102 Stat. 3501 , 3509, 3510, 3524, 3525, 3592; Pub. L. 101-239, title VII , §§ 7811(i)(2), 7841(d)(9), Dec. 19, 1989 , 103 Stat. 2409 , 2428; Pub. L. 101-508, title XI , §§ 11801(a)(29), (c)(6)(C), (14), 11813(b)(17), Nov. 5, 1990 , 104 Stat. 1388–521 , 1388–524, 1388–527, 1388–555; Pub. L. 104-188, title I, § 1702(h)(9) , Aug. 20, 1996 , 110 Stat. 1874 ; Pub. L. 105-34, title XI, § 1174(a)(1) , Aug. 5, 1997 , 111 Stat. 989 ; Pub. L. 107-16, title VI, § 621(a) , June 7, 2001 , 115 Stat. 111 ; Pub. L. 108-357, title IV, § 410(a) , Oct. 22, 2004 , 118 Stat. 1500 ; Pub. L. 111-226, title II, § 217(a) , (c)(1), Aug. 10, 2010 , 124 Stat. 2400 , 2402; Pub. L. 111-240, title II, § 2122(a) , Sept. 27, 2010 , 124 Stat. 2567 ; Pub. L. 115-97, title I, § 13002(e) , Dec. 22, 2017 , 131 Stat. 2100 ; Pub. L. 115-141, div. U, title IV, § 401(d)(1)(D)(ix) , Mar. 23, 2018 , 132 Stat. 1207 .)

Editorial Notes

Amendments2018⁠—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 115-141 struck out “other than a corporation which has an election in effect under section 936” after “corporation”.2017⁠—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 115-97, § 13002(e)(2), substituted “100/65th” for “100/80th” and “100/50th” for “100/70th” in concluding provisions.Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 115-97, § 13002(e)(1), substituted “100/50th” for “100/70th”.2010⁠—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111-226, § 217(a), redesignated subpars. (B) and (C) as (A) and (B), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “interest from a resident alien individual or domestic corporation, if such individual or corporation meets the 80-percent foreign business requirements of subsection (c)(1),”.Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 111-240 added par. (9).Subsecs. (c) to (f). Pub. L. 111-226, § 217(c)(1), redesignated subsecs. (d) to (f) as (c) to (e), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (c) which related to foreign business requirements.2004⁠—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 108-357 added subpar. (C).2001⁠—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 107-16 struck out “except for purposes of sections 79 and 105 and subchapter D,” after “In addition,” in concluding provisions.1997⁠—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 105-34 inserted concluding provisions “In addition, except for purposes of sections 79 and 105 and subchapter D, compensation for labor or services performed in the United States shall not be deemed to be income from sources within the United States if the labor or services are performed by a nonresident alien individual in connection with the individual’s temporary presence in the United States as a regular member of the crew of a foreign vessel engaged in transportation between the United States and a foreign country or a possession of the United States.”1996⁠—Subsec. (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 104-188 provided that the amendment made by section 11813(b)(17) of Pub. L. 101-508 shall be applied as if the material stricken by such amendment included the closing parenthesis after “section 48(a)(5)”. See 1990 Amendment note below.1990⁠—Subsec. (a)(1)(A), (B). Pub. L. 101-508, § 11801(a)(29), (c)(14), inserted “and” at end of subpar. (A), substituted a period for a comma at end of subpar. (B), and struck out subpars. (C) and (D) which read as follows:“(C) interest on a debt obligation which was part of an issue with respect to which an election has been made under subsection (c) of section 4912 (as in effect before July 1, 1974) and which, when issued (or treated as issued under subsection (c)(2) of such section), had a maturity not exceeding 15 years and, when issued, was purchased by one or more underwriters with a view to distribution through resale, but only with respect to interest attributable to periods after the date of such election, and“(D) interest on a debt obligation which was part of an issue which⁠—“(i) was part of an issue outstanding on April 1, 1971,“(ii) was guaranteed by a United States person,“(iii) was treated under chapter 41 as a debt obligation of a foreign obligor,“(iv) as of June 30, 1974, had a maturity of not more than 15 years, and“(v) when issued, was purchased by one or more underwriters for the purpose of distribution through resale.”Subsec. (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 101-508, § 11813(b)(17), which directed the substitution of “which is section 1245 property (as defined in section 1245(a)(3))” for “which is section 38 property (or would be section 38 property but for section 48(a)(5)”, was executed by making the substitution for “which is section 38 property (or would be section 38 property but for section 48(a)(5))”. See 1996 Amendment note above.Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 101-508, § 11801(c)(6)(C), substituted “all of whose stock is owned by one or more domestic common carriers by railroad” for “referred to in subparagraph (B) of section 184(d)(1)”.1989⁠—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 101-239, § 7811(i)(2), substituted “865(i)(1)” for “865(h)(1)”.Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 101-239, § 7841(d)(9), substituted “section 862(a)” for “section 826(a)” in introductory provisions.1988⁠—Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(q)(7), substituted “other than income described in section 884(d)(2)” for “other than under section 884(d)(2)” in two places.Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(q)(15), substituted “section 243(e)” for “section 243(d)”.Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1018(u)(39), substituted “inventory property” for “personal property” in heading.Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(i)(10), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: “Amounts received as underwriting income (as defined in section 832(b)(3)) derived from the insurance of United States risks (as defined in section 953(a)).”Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(g)(3), inserted “or, in the case of a corporation, is attributable to income so derived by a subsidiary of such corporation” after parenthetical in cl. (i), struck out “or chain of subsidiaries of such corporation” after “by a subsidiary” in cl. (ii), and inserted sentence at end defining “subsidiary”.Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(i)(14)(B), amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: “such section shall be applied by substituting ‘10 percent’ for ‘50 percent’ each place it appears.”Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(g)(9), added subsec. (f).1987⁠—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100-203, § 10221(d)(4)(B), inserted at end “In the case of any dividend from a 20-percent owned corporation (as defined in section 243(c)(2)), subparagraph (B) shall be applied by substituting ‘100/80th’ for ‘100/70th’.”Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 100-203, § 10221(d)(4)(A), which directed that subpar. (B) be amended by substituting “100/70th” for “100/85th”, was executed by substituting “100/70th” for “100/85ths” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.1986⁠—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1241(b)(1)(A), substituted “noncorporate residents or domestic corporations” for “residents, corporate or otherwise,” in introductory text.Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1214(a)(1), (c)(5)(A), amended subpar. (B) generally and redesignated it as (A). Prior to amendment and redesignation, former subpar. (B) read as follows: “interest received from a resident alien individual or a domestic corporation, when it is shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary that less than 20 percent of the gross income from all sources of such individual or such corporation has been derived from sources within the United States, as determined under the provisions of this part, for the 3-year period ending with the close of the taxable year of such individual or such corporation preceding the payment of such interest, or for such part of such period as may be applicable,”. Former subpar. (A), which read “interest on amounts described in subsection (c) received by a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation, if such interest is not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States,”, was struck out.Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1241(b)(1)(B), redesignated subpar. (D), as previously redesignated and amended by § 1214(c)(5)(A), (B) of Pub. L. 99-514, as (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) [previously (C)] which read as follows: “interest received from a foreign corporation (other than interest paid or credited by a domestic branch of a foreign corporation, if such branch is engaged in the commercial banking business), when it is shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary that less than 50 percent of the gross income from all sources of such foreign corporation for the 3-year period ending with the close of its taxable year preceding the payment of such interest (or for such part of such period as the corporation has been in existence) was effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States,”.Pub. L. 99-514, § 1214(c)(5)(A), (B), redesignated former subpar. (F) as (D), substituted in cl. (ii), “subparagraph (B) of section 871(i)(3)” for “paragraph (2) of subsection (c)”, and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (B). Former subpar. (B) redesignated (A).Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1241(b)(1)(B), redesignated subpar. (E), as previously redesignated by § 1214(c)(5)(A) of Pub. L. 99-514, as (C) and struck out former subpar. (C) [previously (D)] which read as follows: “in the case of interest received from a foreign corporation (other than interest paid or credited by a domestic branch of a foreign corporation, if such branch is engaged in the commercial banking business), 50 percent or more of the gross income of which from all sources for the 3-year period ending with the close of its taxable year preceding the payment of such interest (or for such part of such period as the corporation has been in existence) was effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, an amount of such interest which bears the same ratio to such interest as the gross income of such foreign corporation for such period which was not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States bears to its gross income from all sources,”.Pub. L. 99-514, § 1214(c)(5)(A), redesignated subpar. (D) as (C). Former subpar. (C) redesignated (B).Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1214(c)(5)(A), redesignated subpar. (H) as (F). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1241(b)(1)(B), then redesignated such subpar. (F) as (D). The original subpar. (D) was redesignated (C) and struck out, and the original subpar. (F) was redesignated (D), then (B).Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1241(b)(1)(B), redesignated subpar. (E), as previously redesignated by § 1214(c)(5)(A) of Pub. L. 99-514, as (C).Pub. L. 99-514, § 1214(c)(5)(A), redesignated subpar. (G) as (E) and struck out former subpar. (E) which read as follows: “income derived by a foreign central bank of issue from bankers’ acceptances,”.Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 99-514, §§ 1214(c)(5)(A), 1241(b)(1)(B), redesignated successively former subpar. (F) as (D) and (B), respectively.Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Pub. L. 99-514, §§ 1214(c)(5)(A), 1241(b)(1)(B), redesignated successively former subpar. (G) as (E) and (C), respectively.Subsec. (a)(1)(H). Pub. L. 99-514, §§ 1214(c)(5)(A), 1241(b)(1)(B), redesignated successively former subpar. (H) as (F) and (D), respectively.Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1214(b), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “from a domestic corporation other than a corporation which has an election in effect under section 936, and other than a corporation less than 20 percent of whose gross income is shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary to have been derived from sources within the United States, as determined under the provisions of this part, for the 3-year period ending with the close of the taxable year of such corporation preceding the declaration of such dividends (or for such part of such period as the corporation has been in existence), or”.Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1241(b)(2), substituted “25 percent” for “50 percent” and inserted “(or treated as effectively connected other than under section 884(d)(2))” in two places.Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1211(b)(1)(B), substituted “inventory property (within the meaning of section 865(h)(1))” for “personal property”.Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99-514, § 104(b)(11), substituted “the standard deduction” for “the zero bracket amount”.Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1214(a)(2), amended subsec. (c) generally, substituting provisions relating to foreign business requirements for provisions relating to interest on deposits.Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1214(c)(5)(C), amended subsec. (d) generally, substituting provision for special rule for application of subsec. (a)(2)(B) for former provision for special rules for application of subsec. (a), pars. (1)(B) to (1)(D) and (2)(B), pars. (1) and (2) thereof relating to new entities and transition rule provisions.Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1212(d), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) relating to treatment of income from certain leased aircraft, vessels, and spacecraft as income from sources within the United States.1983⁠—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 98-21 added par. (8).1980⁠—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 96-499 substituted “Disposition of United States real property interest” for “Sale or exchange of real property” in heading and “disposition of a United States real property interest (as defined in section 897(c))” for “sale or exchange of real property located in the United States” in text.Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 96-605 substituted provision directing that income from certain leased aircraft, vessels, and spacecraft be treated as income from sources within the United States for provision permitting the taxpayer to elect to treat income from certain aircraft and vessels as income from sources within the United States and prescribing the manner of revocating such an election.1978⁠—Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 95-600, § 540(a), designated existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cl. (ii).Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95-600, § 370(a), added subsec. (f).1977⁠—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95-30 provided that, in the case of an individual who does not itemize deductions, an amount equal to the zero bracket amount shall be considered a deduction which cannot definitely be allocated to some item or class of gross income.1976⁠—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 94-455, §§ 1901(c)(7), 1904(b)(10)(B), struck out “, any Territory, any political subdivision of a Territory,” after “United States” in provisions preceding subpar. (A) and, in subpar. (G), substituted “subsection (c) of section 4912 (as in effect before July 1, 1974)” for “section 4912(c)” and “subsection (c)(2) of such section” for “section 4912(c)(2)”.Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 94-455, §§ 1051(h)(3), 1906(b)(13)(A), substituted “other than a corporation which has an election in effect under section 936” for “other than a corporation entitled to the benefits of section 931” and struck out “or his delegate” after “Secretary”.Subsec. (a)(2)(D). Pub. L. 94-455, § 1906(b)(13)(A), struck out “or his delegate” after “Secretary”.Subsec. (a)(5), (6). Pub. L. 94-455, § 1901(b)(26)(A), substituted “sale or exchange” for “sale” in headings and text.Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 94-455, § 1036(a), added par. (7).Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 94-455, § 1041, struck out provision that subsecs. (a)(1)(A) and (c) would cease to apply effective with respect to amounts paid or credited after Dec. 31, 1976.Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 94-455, § 1901(b)(26)(B), substituted “sale, exchange, or other disposition” for “sale or other disposition”.Subsecs. (e)(2), (3). Pub. L. 94-455, § 1906(b)(13)(A), struck out “or his delegate” after “Secretary”.1975⁠—Subsec. (a)(1)(H). Pub. L. 93-625, § 9(a), added subpar. (H).Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 93-625, § 8, substituted “1976” for “1975”.1971⁠—Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Pub. L. 92-9 added subpar. (G).Subsec. (a)(2)(D). Pub. L. 92-178, § 503, added subpar. (D).Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 92-178, § 314(a), added subsec. (e).1969⁠—Subsec. (a)(1)(C), (D). Pub. L. 91-172, § 435(a)(1), struck out “after December 31, 1972,” after “interest paid or credited” in parenthetical after “interest received from a foreign corporation”.Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 91-172, § 435(a)(2), substituted “1975” for “1972”.1966⁠—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 89-809, § 102(a)(1)(A), substituted “interest on amounts described in subsection (c) received by a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation, if such interest is not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States” for “interest on deposits with persons carrying on the banking business paid to persons not engaged in business within the United States”.Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 89-809, § 102(a)(2), struck out interest received from a resident foreign corporation, and substituted “gross income from all sources of such individual or such corporation” for “gross income of such resident payor or domestic corporation”, and “taxable year of such individual or such corporation” for “taxable year of such payor”.Subsec. (a)(1)(C) to (F). Pub. L. 89-809, § 102(a)(2), added subpars. (C), (D), and (F), and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (E).Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 89-809, § 102(b), substituted “50 percent of the gross income from all sources” for “50 percent of the gross income”, “effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States” for “derived from sources within the United States as determined from the provisions of this part”, and “ratio to such dividends as the gross income of the corporation for such period which was effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States bears to its gross income from all sources” for “ratio to such dividends as the gross income of the corporation for such period derived from sources within the United States bears to its gross income from all sources” and inserted “(other than dividends for which a deduction is allowable under section 245(b))” after “dividends” and “(and only to the extent)” after “extent”.Subsec. (a)(3)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 89-809, § 102(c), inserted “an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, a domestic partnership, or” before “a domestic corporation” and “individual, partnership, or” after “United States by such”.Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 89-809, § 102(a)(1)(B), (3), added subsecs. (c) and (d).1962⁠—Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 87-834 substituted “to the extent exceeding the amount which is 100/85ths of the amount of the deduction allowable under section 245 in respect of such dividends” for “to the extent exceeding the amount of the deduction allowable under section 245 in respect of such dividends.”1960⁠—Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 86-779 added subpar. (C).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2017 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 115-97 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2017, see section 13002(f) of Pub. L. 115-97, set out as a note under section 243 of this title.

Effective Date of 2010 AmendmentPub. L. 111-240, title II, § 2122(d), Sept. 27, 2010, 124 Stat. 2568, provided that:“The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 862 and 864 of this title] shall apply to guarantees issued after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 27, 2010].”Pub. L. 111-226, title II, § 217(d), Aug. 10, 2010, 124 Stat. 2402, provided that:“(1) In general.⁠—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 871, 904, and 2104 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010.“(2) Grandfather rule for outstanding debt obligations.⁠—“(A) In general.⁠—The amendments made by this section shall not apply to payments of interest on obligations issued before the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 2010].“(B) Exception for related party debt.⁠—Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any interest which is payable to a related person (determined under rules similar to the rules of section 954(d)(3)).“(C) Significant modifications treated as new issues.⁠—For purposes of subparagraph (A), a significant modification of the terms of any obligation (including any extension of the term of such obligation) shall be treated as a new issue.”

Effective Date of 2004 AmendmentPub. L. 108-357, title IV, § 410(b), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1500, provided that:“The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2003.”

Effective Date of 2001 AmendmentPub. L. 107-16, title VI, § 621(b), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 111, provided that:“The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to remuneration for services performed in plan years beginning after December 31, 2001.”

Effective Date of 1997 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 105-34 applicable to remuneration for services performed in taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1997, see section 1174(c) of Pub. L. 105-34, set out as a note under section 7701 of this title.

Effective Date of 1996 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 104-188 effective, except as otherwise expressly provided, as if included in the provision of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101-508, title XI, to which such amendment relates, see section 1702(i) of Pub. L. 104-188, set out as a note under section 38 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 AmendmentAmendment by section 11813(b)(17) of Pub. L. 101-508 applicable to property placed in service after Dec. 31, 1990, but not applicable to any transition property (as defined in section 49(e) of this title), any property with respect to which qualified progress expenditures were previously taken into account under section 46(d) of this title, and any property described in section 46(b)(2)(C) of this title, as such sections were in effect on Nov. 4, 1990, see section 11813(c) of Pub. L. 101-508, set out as a note under section 45K of this title.

Effective Date of 1989 AmendmentAmendment by section 7811(i)(2) of Pub. L. 101-239 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988, Pub. L. 100-647, to which such amendment relates, see section 7817 of Pub. L. 101-239, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 100-647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99-514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100-647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1987 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 100-203 applicable to dividends received or accrued after Dec. 31, 1987, in taxable years ending after such date, see section 10221(e)(1) of Pub. L. 100-203, set out as a note under section 243 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 AmendmentAmendment by section 104(b)(11) of Pub. L. 99-514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, see section 151(a) of Pub. L. 99-514, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.Amendment by section 1211(b)(1)(B) of Pub. L. 99-514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, except as otherwise provided, see section 1211(c) of Pub. L. 99-514, set out as an Effective Date note under section 865 of this title.Amendment by section 1212(d) of Pub. L. 99-514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, with special rules for certain leased property and for certain ships leased by United States Navy, see section 1212(f) of Pub. L. 99-514, set out as a note under section 863 of this title.Pub. L. 99-514, title XII, § 1214(d), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2543, as amended by Pub. L. 100-647, title I, § 1012(g)(1)(A), (2), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3500, 3501, provided that:“(1) In general.⁠—The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 871, 881, 1441, and 6049 of this title] shall apply to payments made in a taxable year of the payor beginning after December 31, 1986.“(2) Treatment of certain interest.⁠—“(A) In general.⁠—The amendments made by this section shall not apply to any interest paid or accrued on any obligation outstanding on December 31, 1985. The preceding sentence shall not apply to any interest paid pursuant to any extension or renewal of such an obligation agreed to after December 31, 1985.“(B) Special rule for related payee.⁠—If the payee of any interest to which subparagraph (A) applies is related (within the meaning of section 904(d)(2)(H) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) to the payor, such interest shall be treated for purposes of section 904 of such Code as if the payor were a controlled foreign corporation (within the meaning of section 957(a) of such Code).“(3) Transitional rule.⁠—“(A) Years before 1988.⁠—In applying the amendments made by this section to any payment made by a corporation in a taxable year of such corporation beginning before January 1, 1988, the requirements of clause (ii) of [former] section 861(c)(1)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to active business requirements), as amended by this section, shall not apply to gross income of such corporation for taxable years beginning before January 1, 1987.“(B) Years after 1987.⁠—In applying the amendments made by this section to any payment made by a corporation in a taxable year of such corporation beginning after December 31, 1987, the testing period for purposes of [former] section 861(c) of such Code (as so amended) shall not include any taxable year beginning before January 1, 1987.“(4) Certain dividends.⁠—“(A) In general.⁠—The amendments made by this section shall not apply to any dividend paid before January 1, 1991, by a qualified corporation with respect to stock which was outstanding on May 31, 1985.“(B) Qualified corporation.⁠—For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term ‘qualified corporation’ means any business systems corporation which⁠—“(i) was incorporated in Delaware in February, 1979,“(ii) is headquartered in Garden City, New York, and“(iii) the parent corporation of which is a resident of Sweden.”[Pub. L. 100-647, title I, § 1012(g)(1)(B), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3500, provided that:“A taxpayer may elect not to have the amendment made by subparagraph (A) [amending section 1214(d)(1) of Pub. L. 99-514, set out above] apply and to have section 1214(d)(1) of the Reform Act [section 1214(d)(1) of Pub. L. 99-514, set out above] apply as in effect before such amendment. Such election shall be made at such time and in such manner as the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate may prescribe.”Amendment by section 1241(b) of Pub. L. 99-514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, see section 1241(e) of Pub. L. 99-514, set out as an Effective Date note under section 884 of this title.

Effective Date of 1983 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 98-21 applicable to benefits received after Dec. 31, 1983, in taxable years ending after such date, except for any portion of a lump-sum payment of social security benefits received after Dec. 31, 1983, if the generally applicable payment date for such portion was before Jan. 1, 1984, see section 121(g) of Pub. L. 98-21, set out as an Effective Date note under section 86 of this title.

Effective Date of 1980 AmendmentPub. L. 96-605, title I, § 104(b), Dec. 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 3523, provided that:“The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to property first leased after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 28, 1980].”Amendment by Pub. L. 96-499 applicable to dispositions after June 18, 1980, see section 1125(a) of Pub. L. 96-499, set out as an Effective Date note under section 897 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 AmendmentPub. L. 95-600, title III, § 370(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2858, provided that:“(1) In general.⁠—The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to all railroad rolling stock placed in service with respect to the taxpayer after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 6, 1978].“(2) Election to extend section 861(f) [now 861(e)] to railroad rolling stock placed in service before date of enactment.“(A) In general.⁠—At the election of the taxpayer, the amendment made by subsection (a) shall also apply, for taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act, to all railroad rolling stock placed in service with respect to the taxpayer on or before such date of enactment. Such an election may not be revoked except with the consent of the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate.“(B) Manner and time of election and revocation.⁠—An election under subparagraph (A), and any revocation of such an election, shall be made in such manner and at such time as the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate may by regulations prescribe.”Pub. L. 95-600, title V, § 540(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2887, provided that:“The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 6, 1978].”

Effective Date of 1977 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 95-30 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 106(a) of Pub. L. 95-30, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 AmendmentPub. L. 94-455, title I, § 1036(c), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1633, provided that:“The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 862 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1976.”For effective date of amendment by section 1051(h)(3) of Pub. L. 94-455, see section 1051(i)(1) of Pub. L. 94-455, set out as a note under section 27 of this title.Amendment by section 1901(b)(26)(A), (B), (c)(7) of Pub. L. 94-455 effective for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1901(d) of Pub. L. 94-455, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.Amendment by section 1904(b)(10)(B) of Pub. L. 94-455 effective on first day of first month which begins more than 90 days after date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 4, 1976], see section 1904(d) of Pub. L. 94-455, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Effective Date of 1975 AmendmentPub. L. 93-625, § 9(c), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2116, provided that:“The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] applies to interest paid after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 3, 1975], and the amendment made by subsection (b) [amending section 2104 of this title] applies with respect to estates of decedents dying after such date.”

Effective Date of 1971 AmendmentsPub. L. 92-9, § 3(a)(3), Apr. 1, 1971, 85 Stat. 15, provided that:“The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and section 4912 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 1, 1971].”Pub. L. 92-178, title III, § 314(c), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 528, provided that:“The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 862 of this title] shall apply to taxable years ending after August 15, 1971, but only with respect to leases entered into after such date.”Amendment by section 503 of Pub. L. 92-178 applicable with respect to taxable years ending after Dec. 31, 1971, except that a corporation may not be a DISC for any taxable year beginning before Jan. 1, 1972, see section 507 of Pub. L. 92-178, set out as an Effective Date note under section 991 of this title.

Effective Date of 1969 AmendmentPub. L. 91-172, title IV, § 435(a)(1), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 625, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective with respect to amounts paid or credited after Dec. 31, 1969.

Effective Date of 1966 AmendmentPub. L. 89-809, title I, § 102(e), Nov. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 1547, as amended by Pub. L. 99-514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:“(1) The amendments made by subsections (a), (c), and (d) [amending this section and sections 864 and 895 of this title] shall apply with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1966; except that in applying section 864(c)(4)(B)(iii) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] (as added by subsection (d)) with respect to a binding contract entered into on or before February 24, 1966, activities in the United States on or before such date in negotiating or carrying out such contract shall not be taken into account.“(2) The amendments made by subsection (b) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to amounts received after December 31, 1966.”

Effective Date of 1962 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 87-834 applicable in respect of any distribution received by a domestic corporation after Dec. 31, 1964, and in respect of any distribution received by a domestic corporation before Jan. 1, 1965, in a taxable year of such corporation beginning after Dec. 31, 1962, but only to the extent that such distribution is made out of the accumulated profits of a foreign corporation for a taxable year (of such foreign corporation) beginning after Dec. 31, 1962, see section 9(e) of Pub. L. 87-834, set out as an Effective Date note under section 78 of this title.

Effective Date of 1960 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 86-779 applicable to dividends received after Dec. 31, 1959, in taxable years ending after such date, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 86-779, set out as a note under section 243 of this title.

Short Title of 1971 AmendmentPub. L. 92-9, § 1(a), Apr. 1, 1971, 85 Stat. 13, provided that:“This Act [amending this section and sections 4911, 4912, 4914 to 4916, 4919 to 4921, 6651, 6680, and 6681 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 6680 and 6681 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Interest Equalization Tax Extension Act of 1971’.”

Short Title of 1966 AmendmentPub. L. 89-809, title I, § 101, Nov. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 1541, provided that:“This title [enacting sections 877, 896, 906, 981, 2107, 2108, and 6683 of this title, amending this section and sections 1, 11, 116, 154, 245, 301, 512, 542, 543, 545, 819, 821, 822, 831, 832, 841, 842, 864, 871, 872, 873, 874, 875, 881, 882, 884, 894, 895, 901, 904, 911, 931, 932, 952, 953, 1248, 1249, 1441, 1442, 1461, 2014, 2101, 2102, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2501, 2511, 3401, 6015, 6016, 6018, 6501, 6513, and 7701 of this title, redesignating former section 877 as 878, repealing section 1493, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 11, 871, 874, 894, 901, 904, 931, 2101, 2501, and 6501 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Foreign Investors Tax Act of 1966’.”

Savings ProvisionsFor provisions that nothing in amendment by Pub. L. 115-141 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Mar. 23, 2018, for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after Mar. 23, 2018, see section 401(e) of Pub. L. 115-141, set out as a note under section 23 of this title.For provisions that nothing in amendment by Pub. L. 101-508 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Nov. 5, 1990, for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 11821(b) of Pub. L. 101-508, set out as a note under section 45K of this title.

Dividends Received or Accrued During 1987Subsec. (a)(2)(B) of this section to be applied by substituting “100/80ths” for the fraction specified therein with regard to dividends received or accrued during 1987, see section 1006(b)(1)(B) of Pub. L. 100-647 set out as a note under section 245 of this title.

Applicability of Certain Amendments by Pub. L. 99-514 in Relation to Treaty Obligations of United StatesPub. L. 100-647, title I, § 1012(aa)(2)–(4), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3531, 3532, provided that:“(2) Certain amendments to apply notwithstanding treaties.⁠—The following amendments made by the Reform Act [Pub. L. 99-514] shall apply notwithstanding any treaty obligation of the United States in effect on the date of the enactment of the Reform Act [Oct. 22, 1986]:“(A) The amendments made by section 1201 of the Reform Act [amending sections 864, 904, and 954 of this title].“(B) The amendments made by title VII of the Reform Act [enacting sections 53 and 55 to 59 of this title and amending sections 5, 12, 26, 28, 29, 38, 48, 173, 174, 263, 381, 443, 703, 882, 897, 904, 936, 1016, 1363, 1366, 1561, 6154, 6425, and 6655 of this title] to the extent such amendments relate to the alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit.“(3) Certain amendments not to apply to the extent inconsistent with treaties.⁠—The following amendments made by the Reform Act [Pub. L. 99-514] shall not apply to the extent the application of such amendments would be contrary to any treaty obligation of the United States in effect on the date of the enactment of the Reform Act [Oct. 22, 1986]:“(A) The amendments made by section 1211 of the Reform Act [enacting section 865 of this title and amending this section and sections 862 to 864, 871, 881, and 904 of this title] to the extent⁠—“(i) such amendments apply in the case of an individual treated as a resident of a foreign country under a treaty obligation of the United States as so in effect, or“(ii) such amendments relate to income of a nonresident from the sale or exchange of inventory property which would otherwise be sourced under section 865(e)(2) of the 1986 Code.“(B) The amendments made by section 1212(a) of the Reform Act [amending section 863 of this title]; except for purposes of determining the amount of the foreign tax credit.“(C) The amendments made by subsections (b) and (c) of section 1212 of the Reform Act [enacting section 887 of this title and amending sections 872 and 883 of this title].“(D) The amendments made by section 1214 of the Reform Act [amending this section and sections 871, 881, 1441, and 6049 of this title]; except for purposes of determining the amount of the foreign tax credit.“(E) The amendment made by section 1241(a) of the Reform Act [enacting section 884 of this title and renumbering former section 884 as 885] to the extent that, under a treaty obligation of the United States, interest described in section 884(f)(1)(A) of the 1986 Code (as added by such amendment) which is in excess of amounts deducted would be treated as other than United States source.“(F) The amendment made by section 1241(b)(2)(A) of the Reform Act [amending this section].“(G) The amendment made by section 1241(a) of the Reform Act [enacting section 884 of this title and renumbering former section 884 as 885] to the extent such amendment relates to section 884(f)(1)(B) of the 1986 Code.“(H) The amendments made by section 1242 of the Reform Act [amending section 864 of this title] to the extent they relate to paragraph (7) of section 864(c) of the 1986 Code.“(I) The amendment made by section 1247(a) of the Reform Act [amending section 892 of this title].“(J) The amendments made by section 123 of the Reform Act [amending sections 74, 117, 1441, and 7871 of this title].“(4) Treatment of technical corrections.⁠—For purposes of paragraphs (2) and (3), any amendment made by this title [see Tables for classification] shall be treated as if it had been included in the provision of the Reform Act [Pub. L. 99-514] to which such amendment relates.”

Qualified Research and Experimental Expenditures; Allocation and Apportionment; Definitions; Special Rules; Effective DatesPub. L. 100-647, title IV, § 4009, Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3653, provided that:“(a) General Rule.⁠—For purposes of sections 861(b), 862(b), and 863(b) of the 1986 Code, qualified research and experimental expenditures shall be allocated and apportioned as follows:“(1) Any qualified research and experimental expenditures expended solely to meet legal requirements imposed by a political entity with respect to the improvement or marketing of specific products or processes for purposes not reasonably expected to generate gross income (beyond de minimis amounts) outside the jurisdiction of the political entity shall be allocated only to gross income from sources within such jurisdiction.“(2) In the case of any qualified research and experimental expenditures (not allocated under paragraph (1)) to the extent⁠—“(A) that such expenditures are attributable to activities conducted in the United States, 64 percent of such expenditures shall be allocated and apportioned to income from sources within the United States and deducted from such income in determining the amount of taxable income from sources within the United States, and“(B) that such expenditures are attributable to activities conducted outside the United States, 64 percent of such expenditures shall be allocated and apportioned to income from sources outside the United States and deducted from such income in determining the amount of taxable income from sources outside the United States.“(3) The remaining portion of qualified research and experimental expenditures (not allocated under paragraphs (1) and (2)) shall be apportioned, at the annual election of the taxpayer, on the basis of gross sales or gross income, except that, if the taxpayer elects to apportion on the basis of gross income, the amount apportioned to income from sources outside the United States shall be at least 30 percent of the amount which would be so apportioned on the basis of gross sales.“(b) Qualified Research and Experimental Expenditures.⁠—For purposes of this section, the term ‘qualified research and experimental expenditures’ means amounts which are research and experimental expenditures within the meaning of section 174 of the 1986 Code. For purposes of this subsection, rules similar to the rules of [former] subsection (c) of section 174 of the 1986 Code shall apply.“(c) Special Rules for Expenditures Attributable to Activities Conducted in Space, Etc.⁠—“(1) In general.⁠—Any qualified research and experimental expenditures described in paragraph (2)⁠—“(A) if incurred by a United States person, shall be allocated and apportioned under this section in the same manner as if they were attributable to activities conducted in the United States, and“(B) if incurred by a person other than a United States person, shall be allocated and apportioned under this section in the same manner as if they were attributable to activities conducted outside the United States.“(2) Description of expenditures.⁠—For purposes of paragraph (1), qualified research and experimental expenditures are described in this paragraph if such expenditures are attributable to activities conducted⁠—“(A) in space,“(B) on or under water not within the jurisdiction (as recognized by the United States) of a foreign country, possession of the United States, or the United States, or“(C) in Antarctica.“(d) Affiliated Group.⁠—“(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the allocation and apportionment required by subsection (a) shall be determined as if all members of the affiliated group (as defined in subsection (e)(5) of section 864 of the 1986 Code) were a single corporation.“(2) For purposes of the allocation and apportionment required by subsection (a)⁠—“(A) sales and gross income from products produced in whole or in part in a possession by an electing corporation (within the meaning of [former] section 936(h)(5)(E) of the 1986 Code); and“(B) dividends from an electing corporation,shall not be taken into account, except that this paragraph shall not apply to sales of (and gross income and dividends attributable to sales of) products with respect to which an election under [former] section 936(h)(5)(F) of the 1986 Code is not in effect.“(3) The qualified research and experimental expenditures taken into account for purposes of subsection (a) shall be adjusted to reflect the amount of such expenditures included in computing the cost-sharing amount (determined under [former] section 936(h)(5)(C)(i)(I) of the 1986 Code).“(4) The Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this subsection, including regulations providing for the source of gross income and the allocation and apportionment of deductions to take into account the adjustments required by paragraph (3).“(5) Paragraph (6) of section 864(e) of the 1986 Code shall not apply to qualified research and experimental expenditures.“(e) Years to Which Section Applies.⁠—“(1) In general.⁠—Except as provided in this subsection, this section shall apply to the taxpayer’s 1st taxable year beginning after August 1, 1987.“(2) Reduction in amounts to which section applies.⁠—Notwithstanding paragraph (1), this section shall only apply to that portion of the qualified research and experimental expenditures for the taxable year referred to in paragraph (1) which bears the same ratio to the total amount of such expenditures as⁠—“(A) the lesser of 4 months or the number of months in the taxable year, bears to“(B) the number of months in the taxable year.”

1-Year Modification in Regulations Providing for Allocation of Research and Experimental ExpendituresPub. L. 99-514, title XII, § 1216, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2549, provided that:“(a) General Rule.⁠—For purposes of section 861(b), section 862(b), and section 863(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986], notwithstanding section 864(e) of such Code⁠—“(1) 50 percent of all amounts allowable as a deduction for qualified research and experimental expenditures shall be apportioned to income from sources within the United States and deducted from such income in determining the amount of taxable income from sources within the United States, and“(2) the remaining portion of such amounts shall be apportioned on the basis of gross sales or gross income.The preceding sentence shall not apply to any expenditures described in section 1.861–8(e)(3)(i)(B) of the Income Tax Regulations.“(b) Qualified Research and Experimental Expenditures.⁠—For purposes of this section⁠—“(1) In general.⁠—The term ‘qualified research and experimental expenditures’ means amounts⁠—“(A) which are research and experimental expenditures within the meaning of section 174 of such Code, and“(B) which are attributable to activities conducted in the United States.“(2) Treatment of depreciation, etc.⁠—Rules similar to the rules of [former] section 174(c) of such Code shall apply.“(c) Effective Date.⁠—This section shall apply to taxable years beginning after August 1, 1986, and on or before August 1, 1987.”

Allocation Under Section 861 of Research and Experimental ExpendituresPub. L. 98-369, div. A, title I, § 126, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 648, as amended by Pub. L. 99-272, title XIII, § 13211, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 324; Pub. L. 99-514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:“(a) In General.⁠—For purposes of section 861(b), section 862(b), and section 863(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954], all amounts allowable as a deduction for qualified research and experimental expenditures shall be allocated to income from sources within the United States and deducted from such income in determining the amount of taxable income from sources within the United States.“(b) Qualified Research and Experimental Expenditures.⁠—For purposes of this section⁠—“(1) In general.⁠—The term ‘qualified research and experimental expenditures’ means amounts⁠—“(A) which are research and experimental expenditures within the meaning of section 174 of such Code, and“(B) which are attributable to activities conducted in the United States.“(2) Treatment of depreciation, etc.⁠—Rules similar to the rules of [former] subsection (c) of section 174 of such Code shall apply.“(c) Effective Dates.⁠—“(1) In general.⁠—This section shall apply to taxable years beginning after August 13, 1983, and on or before August 1, 1986.“(2) Special rule.⁠—If the taxpayer’s 4th taxable year beginning after August 13, 1981, is not described in paragraph (1), this section shall apply also to such 4th taxable year.”

Conformity of Amendments Made by Foreign Investors Tax Act of 1966 With Treaty Obligations of the United StatesPub. L. 89-809, title I, § 110, Nov. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 1575, provided that:“No amendment made by this title [see Short Title note above] shall apply in any case where its application would be contrary to any treaty obligation of the United States. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the extension of a benefit provided by any amendment made by this title shall not be deemed to be contrary to a treaty obligation of the United States.”

26 U.S.C. § 862. Доход из источников за пределами Соединённых Штатов

Income from sources without the United States

Источник EN · Office of the Law Revision Counsel ↗

Русский перевод

(a) Валовой доход из источников за пределами США

Следующие виды валового дохода признаются доходом из источников за пределами США:

(1) проценты, кроме полученных из источников в США согласно статье 861(a)(1);

(2) дивиденды, кроме полученных из источников в США согласно статье 861(a)(2);

(3) вознаграждение за труд или личные услуги, выполненные за пределами США;

(4) арендная плата или роялти за имущество, находящееся за пределами США, или за любое право (interest) на такое имущество, включая арендную плату или роялти за использование или право использования за пределами США патентов, авторских прав, секретных технологий и формул, гудвилла, товарных знаков, торговых марок, франшиз и иного аналогичного имущества;

(5) прибыль от реализации, иная прибыль и доход от продажи или обмена недвижимого имущества, находящегося за пределами США;

(6) прибыль от реализации, иная прибыль и доход, полученные от приобретения товарно-материальных запасов (в значении статьи 865(i)(1)) в США и их продажи или обмена за пределами США;

(7) доход от страховой деятельности (underwriting income), кроме полученного из источников в США согласно статье 861(a)(7);

(8) прибыль от реализации, иная прибыль и доход от отчуждения доли участия в недвижимом имуществе в США (в значении статьи 897(c)), если недвижимое имущество находится на Виргинских островах; и

(9) суммы, полученные прямо или косвенно от иностранного лица за предоставление гарантии по задолженности такого лица, кроме сумм, полученных из источников в США согласно статье 861(a)(9).

(b) Налогооблагаемый доход из источников за пределами США

Из статей валового дохода, указанных в пункте (a), вычитаются расходы, убытки и иные вычеты, надлежащим образом распределённые или отнесённые к ним, а также пропорциональная часть любых расходов, убытков или иных вычетов, которые не могут быть определённо отнесены к какой-либо статье или категории валового дохода. Остаток, если он имеется, в полном объёме рассматривается как налогооблагаемый доход из источников за пределами США. В случае физического лица, не применяющего постатейные вычеты, сумма, равная стандартному вычету, считается вычетом, который не может быть определённо отнесён к какой-либо статье или категории валового дохода.

English original

(a) Gross income from sources without United States

The following items of gross income shall be treated as income from sources without the United States:

(1) interest other than that derived from sources within the United States as provided in section 861(a)(1);

(2) dividends other than those derived from sources within the United States as provided in section 861(a)(2);

(3) compensation for labor or personal services performed without the United States;

(4) rentals or royalties from property located without the United States or from any interest in such property, including rentals or royalties for the use of or for the privilege of using without the United States patents, copyrights, secret processes and formulas, good will, trade-marks, trade brands, franchises, and other like properties;

(5) gains, profits, and income from the sale or exchange of real property located without the United States;

(6) gains, profits, and income derived from the purchase of inventory property (within the meaning of section 865(i)(1)) within the United States and its sale or exchange without the United States;

(7) underwriting income other than that derived from sources within the United States as provided in section 861(a)(7);

(8) gains, profits, and income from the disposition of a United States real property interest (as defined in section 897(c)) when the real property is located in the Virgin Islands; and

(9) amounts received, directly or indirectly, from a foreign person for the provision of a guarantee of indebtedness of such person other than amounts which are derived from sources within the United States as provided in section 861(a)(9).

(b) Taxable income from sources without United States

From the items of gross income specified in subsection (a) there shall be deducted the expenses, losses, and other deductions properly apportioned or allocated thereto, and a ratable part of any expenses, losses, or other deductions which cannot definitely be allocated to some item or class of gross income. The remainder, if any, shall be treated in full as taxable income from sources without the United States. In the case of an individual who does not itemize deductions, an amount equal to the standard deduction shall be considered a deduction which cannot definitely be allocated to some item or class of gross income.

Примечания и история источника · EN

( Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736 , 68A Stat. 276 ; Pub. L. 92-178, title III, § 314(b) , Dec. 10, 1971 , 85 Stat. 528 ; Pub. L. 94-455, title X, § 1036(b) , title XIX, § 1901(b)(26)(C), Oct. 4, 1976 , 90 Stat. 1633 , 1798; Pub. L. 95-30, title I, § 102(b)(10) , May 23, 1977 , 91 Stat. 138 ; Pub. L. 97-34, title VIII, § 831(a)(2) , Aug. 13, 1981 , 95 Stat. 352 ; Pub. L. 99-514, title I, § 104(b)(12) , title XII, § 1211(b)(1)(C), Oct. 22, 1986 , 100 Stat. 2105 , 2536; Pub. L. 100-647, title I, § 1012(e)(4) , Nov. 10, 1988 , 102 Stat. 3500 ; Pub. L. 101-239, title VII, § 7811(i)(2) , Dec. 19, 1989 , 103 Stat. 2409 ; Pub. L. 111-240, title II, § 2122(b) , Sept. 27, 2010 , 124 Stat. 2568 .)

Editorial Notes

Amendments2010⁠—Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 111-240 added par. (9).1989⁠—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 101-239 substituted “865(i)(1)” for “865(h)(1)”.1988⁠—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100-647 repealed subsec. (c) which read as follows:“(c) Cross reference.⁠—For source of amounts attributable to certain aircraft and vessels, see section 861(e).”1986⁠—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1211(b)(1)(C), substituted “inventory property (within the meaning of section 865(h)(1))” for “personal property”.Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99-514, § 104(b)(12), substituted “the standard deduction” for “the zero bracket amount”.1981⁠—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 97-34 added par. (8).1977⁠—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95-30 provided that, in the case of an individual who does not itemize deductions, an amount equal to the zero bracket amount shall be considered a deduction which cannot definitely be allocated to some item or class of gross income.1976⁠—Subsec. (a)(5), (6). Pub. L. 94-455, § 1901(b)(26)(C), inserted “or exchange” after “sale”.Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 94-455, § 1036(b), added par. (7).1971⁠—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 92-178 added subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1989 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 101-239 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988, Pub. L. 100-647, to which such amendment relates, see section 7817 of Pub. L. 101-239, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 AmendmentAmendment by section 104(b)(12) of Pub. L. 99-514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, see section 151(a) of Pub. L. 99-514, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.Amendment by section 1211(b)(1)(C) of Pub. L. 99-514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, except as otherwise provided, see section 1211(c) of Pub. L. 99-514, set out as an Effective Date note under section 865 of this title.

Effective Date of 1981 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 97-34 applicable to dispositions after June 18, 1980, in taxable years ending after such date, see section 831(i) of Pub. L. 97-34, set out as a note under section 897 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 AmendmentAmendment by section 1036(b) of Pub. L. 94-455 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1036(c) of Pub. L. 94-455, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.Amendment by section 1901(b)(26)(C) of Pub. L. 94-455 effective for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1901(d) of Pub. L. 94-455, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date of 1971 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 92-178 applicable to taxable years ending after Aug. 15, 1971, but only with respect to leases entered into after such date, see section 314(c) of Pub. L. 92-178, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.

Applicability of Certain Amendments by Pub. L. 99-514 in Relation to Treaty Obligations of United StatesFor nonapplication of amendment by section 1211(b)(1)(C) of Pub. L. 99-514 to the extent application of such amendment would be contrary to any treaty obligation of the United States in effect on Oct. 22, 1986, with provision that for such purposes any amendment by title I of Pub. L. 100-647 be treated as if it had been included in the provision of Pub. L. 99-514 to which such amendment relates, see section 1012(aa)(3), (4) of Pub. L. 100-647, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.

Qualified Research and Experimental Expenditures; Allocation and Apportionment; Definitions; Special Rules; Effective DatesFor allocation and apportionment of qualified research and experimental expenditures for purposes of sections 861 to 863 of this title, see section 4009 of Pub. L. 100-647, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.

1-Year Modification in Regulations Providing for Allocation of Research and Experimental ExpendituresFor rule governing allocation under subsec. (b) of this section of amounts allowable as a deduction for qualified research and experimental expenditures during taxable years beginning after Aug. 1, 1986, and on or before Aug. 1, 1987, see section 1216 of Pub. L. 99-514, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.

Allocation Under Section 861 of Research and Experimental ExpendituresFor purposes of subsec. (b) of this section, all amounts allowable as a deduction for qualified research and experimental expenditures are to be allocated to income from sources within the United States and deducted from such income in determining the amount of taxable income from sources within the United States for taxable years beginning after Aug. 13, 1983, and on or before Aug. 1, 1986, see section 126 of Pub. L. 98-369, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.

26 U.S.C. § 863. Специальные правила определения источника дохода

Special rules for determining source

Источник EN · Office of the Law Revision Counsel ↗

Русский перевод

(a) Распределение по правилам

Статьи валового дохода, расходов, убытков и вычетов, кроме указанных в статьях 861(a) и 862(a), относятся или распределяются между источниками в США и за пределами США в соответствии с правилами, установленными министром финансов. Если статьи валового дохода отдельно относятся к источникам в США, то (для целей исчисления налогооблагаемого дохода от них) вычитаются расходы, убытки и иные вычеты, надлежащим образом распределённые или отнесённые к ним, а также пропорциональная часть иных расходов, убытков или иных вычетов, которые не могут быть определённо отнесены к какой-либо статье или категории валового дохода. Остаток, если он имеется, в полном объёме включается в налогооблагаемый доход из источников в США.

(b) Доход частично из источников в США и частично из источников за пределами США

В случае валового дохода, полученного из источников частично в США и частично за пределами США, налогооблагаемый доход может быть сначала исчислен путём вычета расходов, убытков или иных вычетов, распределённых или отнесённых к нему, а также пропорциональной части любых расходов, убытков или иных вычетов, которые не могут быть определённо отнесены к какой-либо статье или категории валового дохода; при этом часть такого налогооблагаемого дохода, приходящаяся на источники в США, может определяться с помощью методов или формул общего распределения, установленных министром финансов. Прибыль от реализации, иная прибыль и доход:

(1) от услуг, оказанных частично в США и частично за пределами США,

(2) от продажи или обмена товарно-материальных запасов (в значении статьи 865(i)(1)), произведённых (полностью или частично) налогоплательщиком в США и проданных или обменянных за пределами США либо произведённых (полностью или частично) налогоплательщиком за пределами США и проданных или обменянных в США, или

(3) полученные от приобретения товарно-материальных запасов (в значении статьи 865(i)(1)) во владении США и их продажи или обмена в США,

рассматриваются как полученные частично из источников в США и частично из источников за пределами США. Прибыль от реализации, иная прибыль и доход от продажи или обмена товарно-материальных запасов, указанных в подпункте (2), относятся и распределяются между источниками в США и за пределами США исключительно на основе производственной деятельности в отношении этого имущества.

(1) Перевозки, начинающиеся и заканчивающиеся в США

Весь доход от перевозок, относящийся к перевозкам, которые начинаются и заканчиваются в США, рассматривается как полученный из источников в США.

(2) Иные перевозки, связанные с США

(A) Общее правило

50 процентов всего дохода от перевозок, относящегося к перевозкам, которые:

(i) не указаны в подпункте (1), и

(ii) начинаются или заканчиваются в США,

рассматриваются как доход из источников в США.

(B) Специальное правило о доходах от личных услуг

Подпункт (A) не применяется к доходу от перевозок, который является доходом от личных услуг, оказанных налогоплательщиком, если только такой доход не относится к перевозкам, которые:

(i) начинаются в США и заканчиваются во владении США, или

(ii) начинаются во владении США и заканчиваются в США.

В случае дохода от перевозок, полученного с использованием судна или в связи с ним, настоящий подпункт применяется, только если налогоплательщик является гражданином или иностранцем-резидентом.

(3) Доход от перевозок

Для целей настоящего пункта термин «доход от перевозок» означает любой доход, полученный от следующего или в связи со следующим:

(A) использование (либо фрахтование или аренда для использования) судна или воздушного судна; или

(B) оказание услуг, непосредственно связанных с использованием судна или воздушного судна.

Для целей предыдущего предложения термин «судно или воздушное судно» включает любой контейнер, используемый в связи с судном или воздушным судном.

(d) Правила определения источника для деятельности в космосе и отдельных видов деятельности в океане

(1) Общее правило

Если иное не предусмотрено правилами, любой доход, полученный от деятельности в космосе или океане:

(A) если он получен лицом США, считается полученным из источников в США, и

(B) если он получен лицом, не являющимся лицом США, считается полученным из источников за пределами США.

(2) Деятельность в космосе или океане

Для целей подпункта (1):

(A) Общее правило

Термин «деятельность в космосе или океане» означает:

(i) любую деятельность, осуществляемую в космосе, и

(ii) любую деятельность, осуществляемую на воде или под водой за пределами юрисдикции (признаваемой Соединёнными Штатами) иностранного государства, владения США или Соединённых Штатов.

Этот термин включает любую деятельность, проводимую в Антарктиде.

(B) Исключение для некоторых видов деятельности

Термин «деятельность в космосе или океане» не включает:

(i) любую деятельность, приносящую доход от перевозок (в значении статьи 863(c)),

(ii) любую деятельность, приносящую доход от международной связи (в значении пункта (e)(2)), и

(iii) любую деятельность в отношении рудников, нефтяных и газовых скважин или иных природных месторождений в той мере, в какой она осуществляется в пределах США, любого иностранного государства или владения США (в значении статьи 638).

Для целей применения статьи 638 юрисдикция любого иностранного государства не включает какую-либо юрисдикцию, не признаваемую Соединёнными Штатами.

(e) Доход от международной связи

(1) Правила определения источника

(A) Лица США

В случае любого лица США 50 процентов любого дохода от международной связи считаются полученными из источников в США, а 50 процентов такого дохода — из источников за пределами США.

(B) Иностранные лица

(i) Общее правило

Если иное не предусмотрено правилами или абзацем (ii), в случае любого лица, не являющегося лицом США, любой доход от международной связи считается полученным из источников за пределами США.

(ii) Специальное правило для дохода, относящегося к конторе или постоянному месту деятельности в США

В случае любого лица (кроме лица США), имеющего контору или иное постоянное место деятельности в США, любой доход от международной связи, относящийся к такой конторе или иному постоянному месту деятельности, считается полученным из источников в США.

(2) Определение

Для целей настоящей статьи термин «доход от международной связи» включает весь доход, полученный от передачи сообщений или данных из США в любое иностранное государство (или владение США) либо из любого иностранного государства (или владения США) в США.

English original

(a) Allocation under regulations

Items of gross income, expenses, losses, and deductions, other than those specified in sections 861(a) and 862(a), shall be allocated or apportioned to sources within or without the United States, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary. Where items of gross income are separately allocated to sources within the United States, there shall be deducted (for the purpose of computing the taxable income therefrom) the expenses, losses, and other deductions properly apportioned or allocated thereto and a ratable part of other expenses, losses, or other deductions which cannot definitely be allocated to some item or class of gross income. The remainder, if any, shall be included in full as taxable income from sources within the United States.

(b) Income partly from within and partly from without the United States

In the case of gross income derived from sources partly within and partly without the United States, the taxable income may first be computed by deducting the expenses, losses, or other deductions apportioned or allocated thereto and a ratable part of any expenses, losses, or other deductions which cannot definitely be allocated to some item or class of gross income; and the portion of such taxable income attributable to sources within the United States may be determined by processes or formulas of general apportionment prescribed by the Secretary. Gains, profits, and income⁠—

(1) from services rendered partly within and partly without the United States,

(2) from the sale or exchange of inventory property (within the meaning of section 865(i)(1)) produced (in whole or in part) by the taxpayer within and sold or exchanged without the United States, or produced (in whole or in part) by the taxpayer without and sold or exchanged within the United States, or

(3) derived from the purchase of inventory property (within the meaning of section 865(i)(1)) within a possession of the United States and its sale or exchange within the United States,

shall be treated as derived partly from sources within and partly from sources without the United States. Gains, profits, and income from the sale or exchange of inventory property described in paragraph (2) shall be allocated and apportioned between sources within and without the United States solely on the basis of the production activities with respect to the property.

(1) Transportation beginning and ending in the United States

All transportation income attributable to transportation which begins and ends in the United States shall be treated as derived from sources within the United States.

(2) Other transportation having United States connection

(A) In general

50 percent of all transportation income attributable to transportation which⁠—

(i) is not described in paragraph (1), and

(ii) begins or ends in the United States,

shall be treated as from sources in the United States.

(B) Special rule for personal service income

Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any transportation income which is income derived from personal services performed by the taxpayer, unless such income is attributable to transportation which⁠—

(i) begins in the United States and ends in a possession of the United States, or

(ii) begins in a possession of the United States and ends in the United States.

In the case of transportation income derived from, or in connection with, a vessel, this subparagraph shall only apply if the taxpayer is a citizen or resident alien.

(3) Transportation income

For purposes of this subsection, the term “transportation income” means any income derived from, or in connection with⁠—

(A) the use (or hiring or leasing for use) of a vessel or aircraft, or

(B) the performance of services directly related to the use of a vessel or aircraft.

For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term “vessel or aircraft” includes any container used in connection with a vessel or aircraft.

(d) Source rules for space and certain ocean activities

(1) In general

Except as provided in regulations, any income derived from a space or ocean activity⁠—

(A) if derived by a United States person, shall be sourced in the United States, and

(B) if derived by a person other than a United States person, shall be sourced outside the United States.

(2) Space or ocean activity

For purposes of paragraph (1)⁠—

(A) In general

The term “space or ocean activity” means⁠—

(i) any activity conducted in space, and

(ii) any activity conducted on or under water not within the jurisdiction (as recognized by the United States) of a foreign country, possession of the United States, or the United States.

Such term includes any activity conducted in Antarctica.

(B) Exception for certain activities

The term “space or ocean activity” shall not include⁠—

(i) any activity giving rise to transportation income (as defined in section 863(c)),

(ii) any activity giving rise to international communications income (as defined in subsection (e)(2)), and

(iii) any activity with respect to mines, oil and gas wells, or other natural deposits to the extent within the United States or any foreign country or possession of the United States (as defined in section 638).

For purposes of applying section 638, the jurisdiction of any foreign country shall not include any jurisdiction not recognized by the United States.

(e) International communications income

(1) Source rules

(A) United States persons

In the case of any United States person, 50 percent of any international communications income shall be sourced in the United States and 50 percent of such income shall be sourced outside the United States.

(B) Foreign persons

(i) In general

Except as provided in regulations or clause (ii), in the case of any person other than a United States person, any international communications income shall be sourced outside the United States.

(ii) Special rule for income attributable to office or fixed place of business in the United States

In the case of any person (other than a United States person) who maintains an office or other fixed place of business in the United States, any international communications income attributable to such office or other fixed place of business shall be sourced in the United States.

(2) Definition

For purposes of this section, the term “international communications income” includes all income derived from the transmission of communications or data from the United States to any foreign country (or possession of the United States) or from any foreign country (or possession of the United States) to the United States.

Примечания и история источника · EN

( Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736 , 68A Stat. 277 ; Pub. L. 94-455, title XIX , §§ 1901(b)(26)(C), (D), 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976 , 90 Stat. 1798 , 1799, 1834; Pub. L. 98-369, div. A, title I, § 124(a) , July 18, 1984 , 98 Stat. 646 ; Pub. L. 99-514, title XII , §§ 1211(b)(1)(A), 1212(a), (e), 1213(a), Oct. 22, 1986 , 100 Stat. 2536 , 2539, 2540; Pub. L. 100-647, title I, § 1012(e)(3)(A) , (f), Nov. 10, 1988 , 102 Stat. 3500 ; Pub. L. 101-239, title VII, § 7811(i)(2) , Dec. 19, 1989 , 103 Stat. 2409 ; Pub. L. 105-34, title XI, § 1174(a)(2) , Aug. 5, 1997 , 111 Stat. 989 ; Pub. L. 115-97, title I, § 14303(a) , Dec. 22, 2017 , 131 Stat. 2225 .)

Editorial Notes

Amendments2017⁠—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115-97 inserted at end of concluding provisions “Gains, profits, and income from the sale or exchange of inventory property described in paragraph (2) shall be allocated and apportioned between sources within and without the United States solely on the basis of the production activities with respect to the property.”1997⁠—Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 105-34 inserted concluding provisions “In the case of transportation income derived from, or in connection with, a vessel, this subparagraph shall only apply if the taxpayer is a citizen or resident alien.”1989⁠—Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 101-239 substituted “865(i)(1)” for “865(h)(1)”.1988⁠—Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(e)(3)(A), substituted “Special rules for determining source” for “Item not specified in section 861 or 862” in section catchline.Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(f), substituted “foreign country (or possession of the United States)” for “foreign country” in two places.1986⁠—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1212(e), substituted “services” for “transportation or other services”.Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1211(b)(1)(A), substituted “inventory property (within the meaning of section 865(h)(1))” for “personal property”.Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1212(a), amended par. (2) generally, in subpar. (A) substituting provisions relating to other transportation having United States connections for provisions relating to transportation between United States and any possession, and in subpar. (B) substituting provisions relating to special rule for personal service income for provisions relating to special rule for certain lessors of aircraft.Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1213(a), added subsecs. (d) and (e).1984⁠—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98-369 added subsec. (c).1976⁠—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94-455, § 1906(b)(13)(A), struck out “or his delegate” after “Secretary”.Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94-455, §§ 1901(b)(26)(C), (D), 1906(b)(13)(A), struck out “or his delegate” after “Secretary” in introductory provisions, and inserted “or exchange” after “sale” in pars. (2) and (3), and “or exchanged” after “sold” in par. (2) wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2017 AmendmentPub. L. 115-97, title I, § 14303(b), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2225, provided that:“The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017.”

Effective Date of 1986 AmendmentAmendment by section 1211(b)(1)(A) of Pub. L. 99-514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, except as otherwise provided, see section 1211(c) of Pub. L. 99-514, set out as an Effective Date note under section 865 of this title.Pub. L. 99-514, title XII, § 1212(f), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2539, provided that:“(1) In general.⁠—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [enacting section 887 of this title and amending this section and sections 861, 872, and 883 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.“(2) Special rule for certain leased property.⁠—The amendments made by subsections (a) and (d) [amending this section and section 861 of this title] shall not apply to any income attributable to property held by the taxpayer on January 1, 1986, if such property was first leased by the taxpayer before January 1, 1986, in a lease to which section 863(c)(2)(B) or 861(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986] (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 1986]) applied.“(3) Special rule for certain ships leased by the united states navy.⁠—“(A) In general.⁠—In the case of any property described in subparagraph (B), paragraph (2) shall be applied by substituting ‘1987’ for ‘1986’ each place it appears.“(B) Property to which paragraph applies.⁠—Property described in this subparagraph consists of 4 ships which are to be leased by the United States Navy and which are the subject of Internal Revenue Service rulings bearing the following dates and which involved the following amount of financing, respectively: “March 5, 1986$176,844,000February 5, 198664,567,000April 22, 198664,598,000May 22, 1986175,300,000.”Pub. L. 99-514, title XII, § 1213(b), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2541, provided that:“The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.”

Effective Date of 1984 AmendmentPub. L. 98-369, div. A, title I, § 124(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 647, provided that:“The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to transportation beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [July 18, 1984] in taxable years ending after such date.”

Effective Date of 1976 AmendmentAmendment by section 1901(b)(26)(C), (D) of Pub. L. 94-455 effective for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1901(d) of Pub. L. 94-455, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Applicability of Certain Amendments by Pub. L. 99-514 in Relation to Treaty Obligations of United StatesFor nonapplication of amendments by sections 1211(b)(1)(A) and 1212(a) of Pub. L. 99-514 to the extent application of such amendments would be contrary to any treaty obligation of the United States in effect on Oct. 22, 1986, with provision that for such purposes any amendment by title I of Pub. L. 100-647 be treated as if it had been included in the provision of Pub. L. 99-514 to which such amendment relates, see section 1012(aa)(3), (4) of Pub. L. 100-647, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.

Qualified Research and Experimental Expenditures; Allocation and Appointment; Definitions; Special Rules; Effective DatesFor allocation and apportionment of qualified research and experimental expenditures for purposes of sections 861 to 863 of this title, see section 4009 of Pub. L. 100-647, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.

26 U.S.C. § 864. Определения и специальные правила

Definitions and special rules

Источник EN · Office of the Law Revision Counsel ↗

Русский перевод

(a) Произведённый

Для целей настоящей части термин «произведённый» включает созданный, изготовленный, произведённый промышленным способом, добытый, переработанный, высушенный или консервированный (cured) либо выдержанный.

(b) Торговая или предпринимательская деятельность в США

Для целей настоящей части, части II и главы 3 термин «торговая или предпринимательская деятельность в США» включает оказание личных услуг в США в любое время в течение налогового года, но не включает —

(1) Оказание личных услуг иностранному работодателю

Оказание личных услуг —

(A) для иностранного физического лица — нерезидента, иностранного партнёрства или иностранной корпорации, не ведущих торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США, либо

(B) для конторы или иного места деятельности, которые содержит в иностранном государстве или во владении США физическое лицо, являющееся гражданином или резидентом США, либо партнёрство США или корпорация США,

иностранным физическим лицом — нерезидентом, временно находящимся в США в течение периода или периодов, не превышающих в совокупности 90 дней в течение налогового года, если его вознаграждение за такие услуги в совокупности не превышает 3000 долларов.

(2) Торговля ценными бумагами или биржевыми товарами

(A) Акции и ценные бумаги

(i) Общее правило

Торговля акциями или ценными бумагами через брокера-резидента, комиссионера, кастодиана или иного независимого агента.

(ii) Торговля за собственный счёт налогоплательщика

Торговля акциями или ценными бумагами за собственный счёт налогоплательщика, осуществляемая самим налогоплательщиком или его работниками либо через брокера-резидента, комиссионера, кастодиана или иного агента, независимо от того, наделён ли такой работник или агент дискреционными полномочиями по принятию решений при совершении сделок. Настоящий абзац не применяется в отношении дилера по операциям с акциями или ценными бумагами.

(B) Биржевые товары

(i) Общее правило

Торговля биржевыми товарами через брокера-резидента, комиссионера, кастодиана или иного независимого агента.

(ii) Торговля за собственный счёт налогоплательщика

Торговля биржевыми товарами за собственный счёт налогоплательщика, осуществляемая самим налогоплательщиком или его работниками либо через брокера-резидента, комиссионера, кастодиана или иного агента, независимо от того, наделён ли такой работник или агент дискреционными полномочиями по принятию решений при совершении сделок. Настоящий абзац не применяется в отношении дилера по операциям с биржевыми товарами.

(iii) Ограничение

Абзацы (i) и (ii) применяются только в том случае, если биржевые товары относятся к виду товаров, обычно обращающихся на организованной товарной бирже, и если сделка относится к виду сделок, обычно заключаемых в таком месте.

Подпункты (A)(i) и (B)(i) применяются только в том случае, если ни в какой момент в течение налогового года налогоплательщик не имеет в США конторы или иного постоянного места деятельности, через которые или по указанию которых совершаются операции с акциями или ценными бумагами либо с биржевыми товарами (в зависимости от обстоятельств).

(1) Общее правило

Для целей настоящего раздела —

(A) В отношении иностранного физического лица — нерезидента или иностранной корпорации, ведущих торговую или предпринимательскую деятельность в США в течение налогового года, при определении дохода, прибыли или убытка, которые рассматриваются как фактически связанные с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США, применяются правила, установленные подпунктами (2), (3), (4), (6), (7) и (8).

(B) Если иное не предусмотрено подпунктом (6)¹ (7) или (8) либо статьёй 871(d) или статьями 882(d) и (e), в отношении иностранного физического лица — нерезидента или иностранной корпорации, не ведущих торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США в течение налогового года, никакой доход, прибыль или убыток не рассматриваются как фактически связанные с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США.

(2) Периодические и иные доходы из источников в США — факторы

При определении того, являются ли доход из источников в США видов, указанных в статье 871(a)(1), статье 871(h), статье 881(a) или статье 881(c), либо прибыль или убыток из источников в США от продажи или обмена капитальных активов фактически связанные с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США, учитывается, в частности, —

(A) извлекается ли доход, прибыль или убыток из активов, используемых или предназначенных для использования при ведении такой торговой или предпринимательской деятельности, либо

(B) являлась ли деятельность в рамках такой торговой или предпринимательской деятельности существенным фактором получения дохода, прибыли или убытка.

При определении того, используется ли актив или предназначен ли он для использования при ведении такой торговой или предпринимательской деятельности либо являлась ли деятельность в рамках такой торговой или предпринимательской деятельности существенным фактором получения той или иной статьи дохода, прибыли или убытка, надлежащим образом учитывается, отражались ли такой актив либо такой доход, прибыль или убыток в учёте такой торговой или предпринимательской деятельности.

(3) Прочие доходы из источников в США

Любые доходы, прибыль или убытки из источников в США (кроме доходов, прибыли или убытков, к которым применяется подпункт (2)) рассматриваются как фактически связанные с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США.

(4) Доходы из источников за пределами США

(A) За исключением случаев, предусмотренных подпунктами (B) и (C), никакой доход, прибыль или убыток из источников за пределами США не рассматриваются как фактически связанные с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США.

(B) Доход, прибыль или убыток из источников за пределами США рассматриваются как фактически связанные с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США иностранным физическим лицом — нерезидентом или иностранной корпорацией, если такое лицо имеет в США контору или иное постоянное место деятельности, к которым относится такой доход, прибыль или убыток, и такой доход, прибыль или убыток —

(i) представляют собой арендную плату или роялти за использование или право использования нематериального имущества, указанного в статье 862(a)(4), полученные при активном ведении такой торговой или предпринимательской деятельности;

(ii) представляют собой дивиденды, проценты или суммы, полученные за предоставление гарантий по задолженности, и либо получены при активном ведении банковской, финансовой или аналогичной деятельности в США, либо получены корпорацией, основной деятельностью которой является торговля акциями или ценными бумагами за собственный счёт; либо

(iii) получены от продажи или обмена (за пределами США) через такую контору или иное постоянное место деятельности движимого имущества, указанного в статье 1221(a)(1), однако настоящий абзац не применяется, если имущество продаётся или обменивается для использования, потребления или отчуждения за пределами США и контора или иное постоянное место деятельности налогоплательщика в иностранном государстве принимали существенное участие в такой продаже.

Любой доход или прибыль, эквивалентные какой-либо статье дохода или прибыли, указанной в абзаце (i), (ii) или (iii), для целей настоящего подпункта рассматриваются так же, как такая статья.

(C) В отношении иностранной корпорации, облагаемой налогом в соответствии с частью I или частью II подглавы L, любой доход из источников за пределами США, относящийся к её деятельности в США (United States business), рассматривается как фактически связанный с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США.

(D) Никакой доход из источников за пределами США не рассматривается как фактически связанный с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США, если он —

(i) представляет собой дивиденды, проценты или роялти, выплачиваемые иностранной корпорацией, в которой налогоплательщику принадлежит (в значении статьи 958(a)) или считается принадлежащим (с применением правил о владении, установленных статьёй 958(b)) более 50 процентов общего совокупного числа голосов по всем классам голосующих акций, либо

(ii) является доходом подчасти F в значении статьи 952(a).

(5) Правила применения подпункта (4)(B)

Для целей подпункта (B) подпункта (4) —

(A) при определении того, имеет ли иностранное физическое лицо — нерезидент или иностранная корпорация контору или иное постоянное место деятельности, контора или иное постоянное место деятельности агента не принимаются во внимание, за исключением случаев, когда такой агент (i) обладает полномочиями вести переговоры и заключать договоры от имени иностранного физического лица — нерезидента или иностранной корпорации и регулярно осуществляет эти полномочия либо располагает запасом товаров, из которого он регулярно исполняет заказы от имени такого физического лица или иностранной корпорации, и (ii) не является генеральным комиссионным агентом, брокером или иным агентом с независимым статусом, действующим в рамках своей обычной деятельности,

(B) доход, прибыль или убыток не считаются относящимися к конторе или иному постоянному месту деятельности в США, за исключением случаев, когда такая контора или такое постоянное место деятельности являются существенным фактором получения такого дохода, прибыли или убытка и регулярно осуществляют деятельность того вида, от которой извлекается такой доход, прибыль или убыток, и

(C) доходом, прибылью или убытком, относимыми к конторе или иному постоянному месту деятельности в США, являются доход, прибыль или убыток, надлежащим образом относимые к ним, однако в случае продажи или обмена, указанных в абзаце (iii) такого подпункта, доход, рассматриваемый как относящийся к конторе или иному постоянному месту деятельности в США, не может превышать доход, который был бы получен из источников в США, если бы продажа или обмен были совершены в США.

(6) Режим некоторых отсроченных платежей и т. д.

Для целей настоящего раздела в отношении любого дохода или прибыли иностранного физического лица — нерезидента или иностранной корпорации, которые —

(A) учитываются за какой-либо налоговый год, но

(B) относятся к продаже или обмену имущества либо к оказанию услуг (или к любой иной операции) в каком-либо другом налоговом году,

определение того, облагаются ли такой доход или прибыль налогом в соответствии со статьёй 871(b) или статьёй 882 (в зависимости от обстоятельств), производится так, как если бы такой доход или прибыль учитывались в таком другом налоговом году, и без учёта требования о том, чтобы налогоплательщик вёл торговую или предпринимательскую деятельность в США в течение налогового года, указанного в подпункте (A).

(7) Режим некоторых операций с имуществом

Для целей настоящего раздела, если —

(A) какое-либо имущество перестаёт использоваться или предназначаться для использования в связи с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США и

(B) такое имущество отчуждается в течение 10 лет после такого прекращения,

определение того, облагаются ли налогом в соответствии со статьёй 871(b) или статьёй 882 (в зависимости от обстоятельств) какой-либо доход или прибыль, относящиеся к такому отчуждению, производится так, как если бы такая продажа или обмен состоялись непосредственно перед таким прекращением, и без учёта требования о том, чтобы налогоплательщик вёл торговую или предпринимательскую деятельность в США в течение налогового года, в котором учитываются такой доход или прибыль.

(8) Прибыль или убыток иностранных лиц от продажи или обмена некоторых долей участия в партнёрствах

(A) Общее правило

Независимо от любых иных положений настоящего подраздела, если иностранное физическое лицо — нерезидент или иностранная корпорация прямо или косвенно владеет долей участия в партнёрстве, которое ведёт какую-либо торговую или предпринимательскую деятельность в США, прибыль или убыток от продажи или обмена всей такой доли (или любой её части) рассматриваются как фактически связанные с ведением такой торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в той мере, в какой такая прибыль или убыток не превышают сумму, определяемую в соответствии с подпунктом (B).

(B) Сумма, рассматриваемая как фактически связанная

Сумма, определяемая в соответствии с настоящим подпунктом в отношении любой проданной или обменённой доли участия в партнёрстве, —

(i) в случае прибыли от продажи или обмена доли участия в партнёрстве составляет —

(I) часть распределяемой доли партнёра в сумме прибыли, которая была бы фактически связана с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США, если бы партнёрство продало все свои активы по их справедливой рыночной стоимости на дату продажи или обмена такой доли участия, или

(II) ноль, если никакая прибыль от такой условной продажи не была бы фактически связана таким образом, и

(ii) в случае убытка от продажи или обмена доли участия в партнёрстве составляет —

(I) часть распределяемой доли партнёра в сумме убытка от условной продажи, указанной в абзаце (i)(I), которая была бы фактически связана таким образом, или

(II) ноль, если никакой убыток от такой условной продажи не был бы фактически связан таким образом.

Для целей настоящего подпункта распределяемая доля партнёра в прибыли или убытке от условной продажи определяется так же, как распределяемая доля такого партнёра в не указываемых отдельно налогооблагаемом доходе или убытке такого партнёрства.

Если партнёрство, указанное в подпункте (A), на момент продажи или обмена доли участия в партнёрстве владеет каким-либо интересом в недвижимом имуществе в США (в значении статьи 897(c)), то прибыль или убыток, рассматриваемые в соответствии с подпунктом (A) как фактически связанный доход, уменьшаются на сумму, рассматриваемую таким образом в отношении такого интереса в недвижимом имуществе в США в соответствии со статьёй 897.

(D) Продажа или обмен

Для целей настоящего подпункта термин «продажа или обмен» означает любую продажу, обмен или иное отчуждение.

(E) Полномочия министра финансов

Министр финансов издаёт такие правила или иные руководящие разъяснения, которые он сочтёт целесообразными для применения настоящего подпункта, в том числе в отношении обменов, указанных в статье 332, 351, 354, 355, 356 или 361.

(d) Режим дохода от факторинга задолженности связанных лиц

(1) Общее правило

Для целей положений, указанных в подпункте (2), если какое-либо лицо приобретает (прямо или косвенно) у связанного лица дебиторскую задолженность по торговым операциям или услугам, любой доход такого лица от приобретённой таким образом дебиторской задолженности по торговым операциям или услугам рассматривается так, как если бы он являлся процентами по займу, предоставленному должнику по такой дебиторской задолженности.

(2) Положения, к которым применяется подпункт (1)

Положения, указанные в настоящем подпункте, таковы:

(A) Статья 904 (об ограничении зачёта иностранного налога).

(B) Подчасть F части III настоящей подглавы (о контролируемых иностранных корпорациях).

(3) Дебиторская задолженность по торговым операциям или услугам

Для целей настоящего пункта термин «дебиторская задолженность по торговым операциям или услугам» означает любую дебиторскую задолженность или любой документ, удостоверяющий задолженность, возникшие в результате —

(A) отчуждения связанным лицом имущества, указанного в статье 1221(a)(1), или

(B) оказания услуг связанным лицом.

(4) Связанное лицо

Для целей настоящего пункта термин «связанное лицо» означает —

(A) любое лицо, являющееся связанным лицом (в значении статьи 267(b)), и

(B) любой американский акционер (United States shareholder, как он определён в статье 951(b)) и любое лицо, являющееся связанным лицом (в значении статьи 267(b)) по отношению к такому акционеру.

(5) Некоторые положения не применяются

Следующие положения не применяются к суммам, рассматриваемым как проценты в соответствии с подпунктом (1) или (6):

(A) Статья 904(d)(2)(B)(iii)(I) (об исключениях в отношении процентов по экспортному финансированию).

(B) Подпункт (A) статьи 954(b)(3) (об исключении для случаев, когда доход иностранной базовой компании составляет менее 5 процентов или 1 000 000 долларов).

(D) Абзац (i) статьи 954(c)(3)(A) (о некоторых доходах, полученных от связанных лиц).

(6) Специальное правило для некоторых доходов контролируемой иностранной корпорации от займов

Любой доход контролируемой иностранной корпорации (в значении статьи 957(a)) от займа, предоставленного какому-либо лицу в целях финансирования —

(A) приобретения у связанного лица имущества, указанного в статье 1221(a)(1), или

(B) оплаты услуг, оказанных связанным лицом,

рассматривается как проценты, указанные в подпункте (1).

(7) Исключение для некоторых связанных лиц, ведущих деятельность в одном и том же иностранном государстве

Подпункт (1) не применяется к дебиторской задолженности по торговым операциям или услугам, приобретённой каким-либо лицом у связанного лица, если —

(A) лицо, приобретающее такую дебиторскую задолженность, и такое связанное лицо созданы или учреждены в соответствии с законодательством одного и того же иностранного государства и значительная часть активов такого связанного лица, используемых в его торговой или предпринимательской деятельности, находится в этом же иностранном государстве, и

(B) такое связанное лицо не получило бы от такой дебиторской задолженности, если бы она была взыскана таким связанным лицом, никакого дохода иностранной базовой компании (в значении статьи 954(a), определяемого без учёта статьи 954(b)(3)(A)) или какого-либо дохода, фактически связанного с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США.

(8) Правила

Министр финансов издаёт такие правила, которые могут быть необходимы для предотвращения уклонения от применения положений настоящего пункта или статьи 956(c)(3).

(e) Правила отнесения процентов и т. д.

Для целей настоящей подглавы —

(1) Режим аффилированных групп

Налогооблагаемый доход каждого члена аффилированной группы определяется путём отнесения и распределения процентных расходов каждого члена так, как если бы все члены такой группы были одной корпорацией.

(2) Для процентов не могут применяться методы валового дохода и справедливой рыночной стоимости

Все случаи отнесения и распределения процентных расходов определяются на основе скорректированной налоговой стоимости активов, а не на основе справедливой рыночной стоимости активов или валового дохода.

(3) Освобождённые от налога активы не учитываются

Для целей отнесения и распределения любых расходов, подлежащих вычету, не принимаются во внимание никакие освобождённые от налога активы (и никакой доход от таких активов). Аналогичное правило применяется в отношении части любого дивиденда (кроме квалифицированного дивиденда в значении статьи 243(b)), равной вычету, допускаемому в соответствии со статьёй 243 или 245(a) в отношении такого дивиденда, а также в отношении такой же части любых акций, дивиденды по которым подлежали бы такому вычету и не являлись бы квалифицированными дивидендами (в указанном значении).

(4) Налоговая стоимость акций неаффилированных корпораций с 10-процентным участием, скорректированная с учётом изменений доходов и прибыли

(A) Общее правило

Для целей отнесения и распределения расходов на основе активов скорректированная налоговая стоимость любых акций неаффилированной корпорации с 10-процентным участием —

(i) увеличивается на сумму доходов и прибыли такой корпорации, относящихся к таким акциям и накопленных в течение периода, когда налогоплательщик владел такими акциями, или

(ii) уменьшается (но не ниже нуля) на сумму любого дефицита доходов и прибыли такой корпорации, относящегося к таким акциям, за такой период.

(B) Неаффилированная корпорация с 10-процентным участием

Для целей настоящего подпункта термин «неаффилированная корпорация с 10-процентным участием» означает любую корпорацию, если —

(i) такая корпорация не входит в аффилированную группу налогоплательщика и

(ii) члены такой аффилированной группы владеют 10 или более процентами общего совокупного числа голосов по всем классам голосующих акций такой корпорации.

(i) Общее правило

Если вследствие владения акциями неаффилированной корпорации с 10-процентным участием налогоплательщик в соответствии с абзацем (iii) рассматривается как владеющий акциями другой корпорации, в отношении которой выполняются требования к владению акциями, установленные абзацем (ii), корректировка в соответствии с подпунктом (A) включает корректировку на сумму доходов и прибыли (или их дефицита) такой другой корпорации, относящихся к акциям, которыми налогоплательщик рассматривается как владеющий таким образом, и к периоду, в течение которого налогоплательщик рассматривается как владеющий такими акциями.

(ii) Требования к владению акциями

Требования к владению акциями, установленные настоящим абзацем, выполняются в отношении любой корпорации, если члены аффилированной группы налогоплательщика владеют (непосредственно или в силу применения абзаца (iii)) 10 или более процентами общего совокупного числа голосов по всем классам голосующих акций такой корпорации.

(iii) Акции, принадлежащие через образования

Для целей настоящего подпункта акции, принадлежащие (прямо или косвенно) корпорации, партнёрству или трасту, рассматриваются как пропорционально принадлежащие их акционерам, партнёрам или бенефициарам. Акции, рассматриваемые как принадлежащие какому-либо лицу в силу применения предыдущего предложения, для целей применения этого предложения рассматриваются как фактически принадлежащие такому лицу.

(D) Координация с подчастью F и т. д.

Для целей настоящего подпункта в доходы и прибыль любой корпорации вносится надлежащая корректировка с учётом любых доходов и прибыли, включённых в валовой доход в соответствии со статьёй 951 или любым другим положением настоящего раздела и отражённых в скорректированной налоговой стоимости акций.

(5) Аффилированная группа

Для целей настоящего пункта —

(A) Общее правило

За исключением случаев, предусмотренных подпунктом (B), термин «аффилированная группа» имеет значение, установленное для него статьёй 1504. Независимо от предыдущего предложения иностранная корпорация рассматривается как член аффилированной группы, если —

(i) более 50 процентов валового дохода такой иностранной корпорации за налоговый год фактически связано с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США и

(ii) не менее 80 процентов либо голосов, либо стоимости всех находящихся в обращении акций такой иностранной корпорации прямо или косвенно принадлежат членам аффилированной группы (определяемой с учётом настоящего предложения).

(B) Режим некоторых финансовых учреждений

Для целей подпункта (A) любая корпорация, указанная в подпункте (C), рассматривается как включаемая корпорация (includible corporation) для целей статьи 1504 только для целей раздельного применения этой статьи к корпорациям, указанным таким образом. Настоящий подпункт не применяется для целей подпункта (6).

Корпорация считается указанной в настоящем подпункте, если —

(i) такая корпорация является финансовым учреждением, указанным в статье 581 или 591,

(ii) деятельность такого финансового учреждения осуществляется преимущественно с лицами, иными, чем связанные лица (в значении пункта (d)(4)) или их клиенты, и

(iii) такое финансовое учреждение в соответствии с законодательством штата или федеральным законодательством обязано функционировать отдельно от любого иного образования, не являющегося таким учреждением.

(D) Режим банковских холдинговых компаний

В той мере, в какой это предусмотрено правилами, —

(i) банковская холдинговая компания (в значении статьи 2(a) Закона о банковских холдинговых компаниях 1956 года) и

(ii) любая дочерняя компания финансового учреждения, указанного в статье 581 или 591, или любой банковской холдинговой компании, если такая дочерняя компания преимущественно (прямо или косвенно) занимается активным ведением банковской, финансовой или аналогичной деятельности,

рассматриваются как корпорация, указанная в подпункте (C).

(6) Отнесение и распределение прочих расходов

Расходы, кроме процентов, которые не подлежат непосредственному отнесению или распределению на какой-либо конкретный вид деятельности, приносящей доход, относятся и распределяются так, как если бы все члены аффилированной группы были одной корпорацией.

(7) Правила

Министр финансов издаёт такие правила, которые могут быть необходимы или целесообразны для достижения целей настоящей статьи, в том числе правила, предусматривающие —

(A) изменение источника дохода (resourcing) любого члена аффилированной группы или изменение правил о консолидированной налоговой декларации в той мере, в какой такое изменение источника или изменение необходимо для достижения целей настоящей статьи,

(B) прямое отнесение процентных расходов, понесённых для осуществления интегрированной финансовой операции, к любым процентам (или доходу процентного характера), полученным от такой операции, а также в иных обстоятельствах, когда такое отнесение было бы целесообразно для достижения целей настоящего пункта,

(C) распределение расходов, отнесённых к доходу из иностранных источников, между членами аффилированной группы и различными категориями дохода, указанными в статье 904(d)(1),

(D) прямое отнесение процентных расходов в случае задолженности, приводящей к отказу в вычете в соответствии со статьёй 246A,

(E) соответствующие корректировки при применении подпункта (3) в отношении страховой компании,

(F) недопущение учёта активов или процентных расходов более одного раза и

(G) неприменение настоящего пункта для целей какого-либо положения настоящей подглавы в той мере, в какой министр финансов определит, что применение настоящего пункта для таких целей было бы нецелесообразным.

[(f) Утратил силу. Pub. L. 117-2, title IX, § 9671(a), 11 марта 2021 г., 135 Stat. 184]

(g) Отнесение расходов на научные исследования и экспериментальные разработки

(1) Общее правило

Для целей статей 861(b), 862(b) и 863(b) квалифицированные расходы на научные исследования и экспериментальные разработки относятся и распределяются следующим образом:

(A) Любые квалифицированные расходы на научные исследования и экспериментальные разработки, понесённые исключительно в целях выполнения требований законодательства, установленных публично-территориальным образованием в отношении усовершенствования или сбыта конкретных продуктов или процессов для целей, в отношении которых нельзя обоснованно ожидать получения валового дохода (сверх минимальных сумм) за пределами юрисдикции этого публично-территориального образования, относятся только к валовому доходу из источников в пределах такой юрисдикции.

(B) В отношении любых квалифицированных расходов на научные исследования и экспериментальные разработки (не отнесённых в соответствии с подпунктом (A)) в той мере, в какой —

(i) такие расходы относятся к деятельности, осуществляемой в США, 50 процентов таких расходов относятся и распределяются на доход из источников в США и вычитаются из такого дохода при определении суммы налогооблагаемого дохода из источников в США и

(ii) такие расходы относятся к деятельности, осуществляемой за пределами США, 50 процентов таких расходов относятся и распределяются на доход из источников за пределами США и вычитаются из такого дохода при определении суммы налогооблагаемого дохода из источников за пределами США.

(C) Оставшаяся часть квалифицированных расходов на научные исследования и экспериментальные разработки (не отнесённых в соответствии с подпунктами (A) и (B)) распределяется по ежегодно делаемому выбору налогоплательщика на основе валовых продаж или валового дохода, однако если налогоплательщик выбирает распределение на основе валового дохода, сумма, распределяемая на доход из источников за пределами США, должна составлять не менее 30 процентов суммы, которая была бы распределена таким образом на основе валовых продаж.

(2) Квалифицированные расходы на научные исследования и экспериментальные разработки

Для целей настоящей статьи термин «квалифицированные расходы на научные исследования и экспериментальные разработки» означает суммы, являющиеся расходами на зарубежные научные исследования или экспериментальные разработки (foreign research or experimental expenditures) в значении статьи 174 или расходами на научные исследования или экспериментальные разработки в США (domestic research or experimental expenditures) в значении статьи 174A. Для целей настоящего подпункта применяются правила, аналогичные правилам пункта (c) статьи 174. Любые квалифицированные расходы на научные исследования и экспериментальные разработки, допускаемые к вычету в форме амортизационного вычета в соответствии со статьёй 174(a) или статьёй 174A(c), учитываются в соответствии с настоящим пунктом за налоговый год, за который такие расходы допускаются к вычету в соответствии с соответствующей статьёй (в зависимости от обстоятельств).

(3) Специальные правила для расходов, относящихся к деятельности, осуществляемой в космосе, и т. д.

(A) Общее правило

Любые квалифицированные расходы на научные исследования и экспериментальные разработки, указанные в подпункте (B), —

(i) если они понесены лицом США, относятся и распределяются в соответствии с настоящей статьёй так же, как если бы они относились к деятельности, осуществляемой в США, и

(ii) если они понесены лицом, не являющимся лицом США, относятся и распределяются в соответствии с настоящей статьёй так же, как если бы они относились к деятельности, осуществляемой за пределами США.

(B) Описание расходов

Для целей подпункта (A) квалифицированные расходы на научные исследования и экспериментальные разработки считаются указанными в настоящем подпункте, если такие расходы относятся к деятельности, осуществляемой —

(i) в космосе,

(ii) на воде или под водой за пределами юрисдикции (признаваемой Соединёнными Штатами) иностранного государства, владения США или США, либо

(iii) в Антарктиде.

(4) Аффилированная группа

(A) За исключением случаев, предусмотренных подпунктом (B), отнесение и распределение, требуемые подпунктом (1), определяются так, как если бы все члены аффилированной группы (в значении пункта (e)(5)) были одной корпорацией.

(B) Для целей отнесения и распределения, требуемых подпунктом (1), —

(i) продажи и валовой доход от продукции, произведённой полностью или частично во владении США корпорацией, сделавшей выбор (electing corporation) (в значении статьи 936(h)(5)(E)),² и

(ii) дивиденды от корпорации, сделавшей выбор,

не принимаются во внимание, однако настоящий подпункт не применяется к продажам продукции (а также к валовому доходу и дивидендам, относящимся к продажам продукции), в отношении которой не действует выбор, сделанный в соответствии со статьёй 936(h)(5)(F)².

(C) Квалифицированные расходы на научные исследования и экспериментальные разработки, учитываемые для целей подпункта (1), корректируются с учётом суммы таких расходов, включённой в расчёт суммы распределения затрат (cost-sharing amount) (определяемой в соответствии со статьёй 936(h)(5)(C)(i)(I)).²

(D) Министр финансов вправе издавать такие правила, которые могут быть необходимы для достижения целей настоящего подпункта, в том числе правила, определяющие источник валового дохода и порядок отнесения и распределения вычетов с учётом корректировок, требуемых подпунктом (B) или (C).

(E) Подпункт (6) пункта (e) не применяется к квалифицированным расходам на научные исследования и экспериментальные разработки.

(5) Правила

Министр финансов издаёт такие правила, которые могут быть целесообразны для достижения целей настоящего пункта, в том числе правила, касающиеся определения того, относятся ли какие-либо расходы к деятельности, осуществляемой в США или за пределами США, и правила, предусматривающие такие корректировки положений настоящего пункта, которые могут быть целесообразны в случае соглашений о распределении затрат (cost-sharing arrangements) и контрактных исследований.

(6) Применимость

Настоящий пункт применяется к первому налоговому году налогоплательщика (начинающемуся 1 августа 1994 года или ранее), следующему за последним налоговым годом налогоплательщика, к которому применяется Revenue Procedure 92–56 или применялась бы, если бы налогоплательщик избрал льготы, предусмотренные этой Revenue Procedure.

English original

(a) Produced

For purposes of this part, the term “produced” includes created, fabricated, manufactured, extracted, processed, cured, or aged.

(b) Trade or business within the United States

For purposes of this part, part II, and chapter 3, the term “trade or business within the United States” includes the performance of personal services within the United States at any time within the taxable year, but does not include⁠—

(1) Performance of personal services for foreign employer

The performance of personal services⁠—

(A) for a nonresident alien individual, foreign partnership, or foreign corporation, not engaged in trade or business within the United States, or

(B) for an office or place of business maintained in a foreign country or in a possession of the United States by an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States or by a domestic partnership or a domestic corporation,

by a nonresident alien individual temporarily present in the United States for a period or periods not exceeding a total of 90 days during the taxable year and whose compensation for such services does not exceed in the aggregate $3,000.

(2) Trading in securities or commodities

(A) Stocks and securities

(i) In general

Trading in stocks or securities through a resident broker, commission agent, custodian, or other independent agent.

(ii) Trading for taxpayer’s own account

Trading in stocks or securities for the taxpayer’s own account, whether by the taxpayer or his employees or through a resident broker, commission agent, custodian, or other agent, and whether or not any such employee or agent has discretionary authority to make decisions in effecting the transactions. This clause shall not apply in the case of a dealer in stocks or securities.

(B) Commodities

(i) In general

Trading in commodities through a resident broker, commission agent, custodian, or other independent agent.

(ii) Trading for taxpayer’s own account

Trading in commodities for the taxpayer’s own account, whether by the taxpayer or his employees or through a resident broker, commission agent, custodian, or other agent, and whether or not any such employee or agent has discretionary authority to make decisions in effecting the transactions. This clause shall not apply in the case of a dealer in commodities.

(iii) Limitation

Clauses (i) and (ii) shall apply only if the commodities are of a kind customarily dealt in on an organized commodity exchange and if the transaction is of a kind customarily consummated at such place.

Subparagraphs (A)(i) and (B)(i) shall apply only if, at no time during the taxable year, the taxpayer has an office or other fixed place of business in the United States through which or by the direction of which the transactions in stocks or securities, or in commodities, as the case may be, are effected.

(1) General rule

For purposes of this title⁠—

(A) In the case of a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation engaged in trade or business within the United States during the taxable year, the rules set forth in paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (6), (7), and (8) shall apply in determining the income, gain, or loss which shall be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.

(B) Except as provided in paragraph (6)¹ (7), or (8) or in section 871(d) or sections 882(d) and (e), in the case of a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation not engaged in trade or business within the United States during the taxable year, no income, gain, or loss shall be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.

(2) Periodical, etc., income from sources within United States⁠—factors

In determining whether income from sources within the United States of the types described in section 871(a)(1), section 871(h), section 881(a), or section 881(c), or whether gain or loss from sources within the United States from the sale or exchange of capital assets, is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, the factors taken into account shall include whether⁠—

(A) the income, gain, or loss is derived from assets used in or held for use in the conduct of such trade or business, or

(B) the activities of such trade or business were a material factor in the realization of the income, gain, or loss.

In determining whether an asset is used in or held for use in the conduct of such trade or business or whether the activities of such trade or business were a material factor in realizing an item of income, gain, or loss, due regard shall be given to whether or not such asset or such income, gain, or loss was accounted for through such trade or business.

(3) Other income from sources within United States

All income, gain, or loss from sources within the United States (other than income, gain, or loss to which paragraph (2) applies) shall be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.

(4) Income from sources without United States

(A) Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C), no income, gain, or loss from sources without the United States shall be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.

(B) Income, gain, or loss from sources without the United States shall be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States by a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation if such person has an office or other fixed place of business within the United States to which such income, gain, or loss is attributable and such income, gain, or loss⁠—

(i) consists of rents or royalties for the use of or for the privilege of using intangible property described in section 862(a)(4) derived in the active conduct of such trade or business;

(ii) consists of dividends, interest, or amounts received for the provision of guarantees of indebtedness, and either is derived in the active conduct of a banking, financing, or similar business within the United States or is received by a corporation the principal business of which is trading in stocks or securities for its own account; or

(iii) is derived from the sale or exchange (outside the United States) through such office or other fixed place of business of personal property described in section 1221(a)(1), except that this clause shall not apply if the property is sold or exchanged for use, consumption, or disposition outside the United States and an office or other fixed place of business of the taxpayer in a foreign country participated materially in such sale.

Any income or gain which is equivalent to any item of income or gain described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) shall be treated in the same manner as such item for purposes of this subparagraph.

(C) In the case of a foreign corporation taxable under part I or part II of subchapter L, any income from sources without the United States which is attributable to its United States business shall be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States.

(D) No income from sources without the United States shall be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States if it either⁠—

(i) consists of dividends, interest, or royalties paid by a foreign corporation in which the taxpayer owns (within the meaning of section 958(a)), or is considered as owning (by applying the ownership rules of section 958(b)), more than 50 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote, or

(ii) is subpart F income within the meaning of section 952(a).

(5) Rules for application of paragraph (4)(B)

For purposes of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (4)⁠—

(A) in determining whether a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation has an office or other fixed place of business, an office or other fixed place of business of an agent shall be disregarded unless such agent (i) has the authority to negotiate and conclude contracts in the name of the nonresident alien individual or foreign corporation and regularly exercises that authority or has a stock of merchandise from which he regularly fills orders on behalf of such individual or foreign corporation, and (ii) is not a general commission agent, broker, or other agent of independent status acting in the ordinary course of his business,

(B) income, gain, or loss shall not be considered as attributable to an office or other fixed place of business within the United States unless such office or fixed place of business is a material factor in the production of such income, gain, or loss and such office or fixed place of business regularly carries on activities of the type from which such income, gain, or loss is derived, and

(C) the income, gain, or loss which shall be attributable to an office or other fixed place of business within the United States shall be the income, gain, or loss property allocable thereto, but, in the case of a sale or exchange described in clause (iii) of such subparagraph, the income which shall be treated as attributable to an office or other fixed place of business within the United States shall not exceed the income which would be derived from sources within the United States if the sale or exchange were made in the United States.

(6) Treatment of certain deferred payments, etc.

For purposes of this title, in the case of any income or gain of a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation which⁠—

(A) is taken into account for any taxable year, but

(B) is attributable to a sale or exchange of property or the performance of services (or any other transaction) in any other taxable year,

the determination of whether such income or gain is taxable under section 871(b) or 882 (as the case may be) shall be made as if such income or gain were taken into account in such other taxable year and without regard to the requirement that the taxpayer be engaged in a trade or business within the United States during the taxable year referred to in subparagraph (A).

(7) Treatment of certain property transactions

For purposes of this title, if⁠—

(A) any property ceases to be used or held for use in connection with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, and

(B) such property is disposed of within 10 years after such cessation,

the determination of whether any income or gain attributable to such disposition is taxable under section 871(b) or 882 (as the case may be) shall be made as if such sale or exchange occurred immediately before such cessation and without regard to the requirement that the taxpayer be engaged in a trade or business within the United States during the taxable year for which such income or gain is taken into account.

(8) Gain or loss of foreign persons from sale or exchange of certain partnership interests

(A) In general

Notwithstanding any other provision of this subtitle, if a nonresident alien individual or foreign corporation owns, directly or indirectly, an interest in a partnership which is engaged in any trade or business within the United States, gain or loss on the sale or exchange of all (or any portion of) such interest shall be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of such trade or business to the extent such gain or loss does not exceed the amount determined under subparagraph (B).

(B) Amount treated as effectively connected

The amount determined under this subparagraph with respect to any partnership interest sold or exchanged⁠—

(i) in the case of any gain on the sale or exchange of the partnership interest, is⁠—

(I) the portion of the partner’s distributive share of the amount of gain which would have been effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States if the partnership had sold all of its assets at their fair market value as of the date of the sale or exchange of such interest, or

(II) zero if no gain on such deemed sale would have been so effectively connected, and

(ii) in the case of any loss on the sale or exchange of the partnership interest, is⁠—

(I) the portion of the partner’s distributive share of the amount of loss on the deemed sale described in clause (i)(I) which would have been so effectively connected, or

(II) zero if no loss on such deemed sale would be have been so effectively connected.

For purposes of this subparagraph, a partner’s distributive share of gain or loss on the deemed sale shall be determined in the same manner as such partner’s distributive share of the non-separately stated taxable income or loss of such partnership.

If a partnership described in subparagraph (A) holds any United States real property interest (as defined in section 897(c)) at the time of the sale or exchange of the partnership interest, then the gain or loss treated as effectively connected income under subparagraph (A) shall be reduced by the amount so treated with respect to such United States real property interest under section 897.

(D) Sale or exchange

For purposes of this paragraph, the term “sale or exchange” means any sale, exchange, or other disposition.

(E) Secretarial authority

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations or other guidance as the Secretary determines appropriate for the application of this paragraph, including with respect to exchanges described in section 332, 351, 354, 355, 356, or 361.

(d) Treatment of related person factoring income

(1) In general

For purposes of the provisions set forth in paragraph (2), if any person acquires (directly or indirectly) a trade or service receivable from a related person, any income of such person from the trade or service receivable so acquired shall be treated as if it were interest on a loan to the obligor under the receivable.

(2) Provisions to which paragraph (1) applies

The provisions set forth in this paragraph are as follows:

(A) Section 904 (relating to limitation on foreign tax credit).

(B) Subpart F of part III of this subchapter (relating to controlled foreign corporations).

(3) Trade or service receivable

For purposes of this subsection, the term “trade or service receivable” means any account receivable or evidence of indebtedness arising out of⁠—

(A) the disposition by a related person of property described in section 1221(a)(1), or

(B) the performance of services by a related person.

(4) Related person

For purposes of this subsection, the term “related person” means⁠—

(A) any person who is a related person (within the meaning of section 267(b)), and

(B) any United States shareholder (as defined in section 951(b)) and any person who is a related person (within the meaning of section 267(b)) to such a shareholder.

(5) Certain provisions not to apply

The following provisions shall not apply to any amount treated as interest under paragraph (1) or (6):

(A) Section 904(d)(2)(B)(iii)(I) (relating to exceptions for export financing interest).

(B) Subparagraph (A) of section 954(b)(3) (relating to exception where foreign base company income is less than 5 percent or $1,000,000).

(D) Clause (i) of section 954(c)(3)(A) (relating to certain income received from related persons).

(6) Special rule for certain income from loans of a controlled foreign corporation

Any income of a controlled foreign corporation (within the meaning of section 957(a)) from a loan to a person for the purpose of financing⁠—

(A) the purchase of property described in section 1221(a)(1) of a related person, or

(B) the payment for the performance of services by a related person,

shall be treated as interest described in paragraph (1).

(7) Exception for certain related persons doing business in same foreign country

Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any trade or service receivable acquired by any person from a related person if⁠—

(A) the person acquiring such receivable and such related person are created or organized under the laws of the same foreign country and such related person has a substantial part of its assets used in its trade or business located in such same foreign country, and

(B) such related person would not have derived any foreign base company income (as defined in section 954(a), determined without regard to section 954(b)(3)(A)), or any income effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, from such receivable if it had been collected by such related person.

(8) Regulations

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to prevent the avoidance of the provisions of this subsection or section 956(c)(3).

(e) Rules for allocating interest, etc.

For purposes of this subchapter⁠—

(1) Treatment of affiliated groups

The taxable income of each member of an affiliated group shall be determined by allocating and apportioning interest expense of each member as if all members of such group were a single corporation.

(2) Gross income and fair market value methods may not be used for interest

All allocations and apportionments of interest expense shall be determined using the adjusted bases of assets rather than on the basis of the fair market value of the assets or gross income.

(3) Tax-exempt assets not taken into account

For purposes of allocating and apportioning any deductible expense, any tax-exempt asset (and any income from such an asset) shall not be taken into account. A similar rule shall apply in the case of the portion of any dividend (other than a qualifying dividend as defined in section 243(b)) equal to the deduction allowable under section 243 or 245(a) with respect to such dividend and in the case of a like portion of any stock the dividends on which would be so deductible and would not be qualifying dividends (as so defined).

(4) Basis of stock in nonaffiliated 10-percent owned corporations adjusted for earnings and profits changes

(A) In general

For purposes of allocating and apportioning expenses on the basis of assets, the adjusted basis of any stock in a nonaffiliated 10-percent owned corporation shall be⁠—

(i) increased by the amount of the earnings and profits of such corporation attributable to such stock and accumulated during the period the taxpayer held such stock, or

(ii) reduced (but not below zero) by any deficit in earnings and profits of such corporation attributable to such stock for such period.

(B) Nonaffiliated 10-percent owned corporation

For purposes of this paragraph, the term “nonaffiliated 10-percent owned corporation” means any corporation if⁠—

(i) such corporation is not included in the taxpayer’s affiliated group, and

(ii) members of such affiliated group own 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of such corporation entitled to vote.

(i) In general

If, by reason of holding stock in a nonaffiliated 10-percent owned corporation, the taxpayer is treated under clause (iii) as owning stock in another corporation with respect to which the stock ownership requirements of clause (ii) are met, the adjustment under subparagraph (A) shall include an adjustment for the amount of the earnings and profits (or deficit therein) of such other corporation which are attributable to the stock the taxpayer is so treated as owning and to the period during which the taxpayer is treated as owning such stock.

(ii) Stock ownership requirements

The stock ownership requirements of this clause are met with respect to any corporation if members of the taxpayer’s affiliated group own (directly or through the application of clause (iii)) 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of such corporation entitled to vote.

(iii) Stock owned through entities

For purposes of this subparagraph, stock owned (directly or indirectly) by a corporation, partnership, or trust shall be treated as being owned proportionately by its shareholders, partners, or beneficiaries. Stock considered to be owned by a person by reason of the application of the preceding sentence, shall, for purposes of applying such sentence, be treated as actually owned by such person.

(D) Coordination with subpart F, etc.

For purposes of this paragraph, proper adjustment shall be made to the earnings and profits of any corporation to take into account any earnings and profits included in gross income under section 951 or under any other provision of this title and reflected in the adjusted basis of the stock.

(5) Affiliated group

For purposes of this subsection⁠—

(A) In general

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term “affiliated group” has the meaning given such term by section 1504. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, a foreign corporation shall be treated as a member of the affiliated group if⁠—

(i) more than 50 percent of the gross income of such foreign corporation for the taxable year is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, and

(ii) at least 80 percent of either the vote or value of all outstanding stock of such foreign corporation is owned directly or indirectly by members of the affiliated group (determined with regard to this sentence).

(B) Treatment of certain financial institutions

For purposes of subparagraph (A), any corporation described in subparagraph (C) shall be treated as an includible corporation for purposes of section 1504 only for purposes of applying such section separately to corporations so described. This subparagraph shall not apply for purposes of paragraph (6).

A corporation is described in this subparagraph if⁠—

(i) such corporation is a financial institution described in section 581 or 591,

(ii) the business of such financial institution is predominantly with persons other than related persons (within the meaning of subsection (d)(4)) or their customers, and

(iii) such financial institution is required by State or Federal law to be operated separately from any other entity which is not such an institution.

(D) Treatment of bank holding companies

To the extent provided in regulations⁠—

(i) a bank holding company (within the meaning of section 2(a) of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956), and

(ii) any subsidiary of a financial institution described in section 581 or 591 or of any bank holding company if such subsidiary is predominantly engaged (directly or indirectly) in the active conduct of a banking, financing, or similar business,

shall be treated as a corporation described in subparagraph (C).

(6) Allocation and apportionment of other expenses

Expenses other than interest which are not directly allocable or apportioned to any specific income producing activity shall be allocated and apportioned as if all members of the affiliated group were a single corporation.

(7) Regulations

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section, including regulations providing⁠—

(A) for the resourcing of income of any member of an affiliated group or modifications to the consolidated return regulations to the extent such resourcing or modification is necessary to carry out the purposes of this section,

(B) for direct allocation of interest expense incurred to carry out an integrated financial transaction to any interest (or interest-type income) derived from such transaction and in other circumstances where such allocation would be appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection,

(C) for the apportionment of expenses allocated to foreign source income among the members of the affiliated group and various categories of income described in section 904(d)(1),

(D) for direct allocation of interest expense in the case of indebtedness resulting in a disallowance under section 246A,

(E) for appropriate adjustments in the application of paragraph (3) in the case of an insurance company,

(F) preventing assets or interest expense from being taken into account more than once, and

(G) that this subsection shall not apply for purposes of any provision of this subchapter to the extent the Secretary determines that the application of this subsection for such purposes would not be appropriate.

[(f) Repealed. Pub. L. 117-2, title IX, § 9671(a), Mar. 11, 2021, 135 Stat. 184]

(g) Allocation of research and experimental expenditures

(1) In general

For purposes of sections 861(b), 862(b), and 863(b), qualified research and experimental expenditures shall be allocated and apportioned as follows:

(A) Any qualified research and experimental expenditures expended solely to meet legal requirements imposed by a political entity with respect to the improvement or marketing of specific products or processes for purposes not reasonably expected to generate gross income (beyond de minimis amounts) outside the jurisdiction of the political entity shall be allocated only to gross income from sources within such jurisdiction.

(B) In the case of any qualified research and experimental expenditures (not allocated under subparagraph (A)) to the extent⁠—

(i) that such expenditures are attributable to activities conducted in the United States, 50 percent of such expenditures shall be allocated and apportioned to income from sources within the United States and deducted from such income in determining the amount of taxable income from sources within the United States, and

(ii) that such expenditures are attributable to activities conducted outside the United States, 50 percent of such expenditures shall be allocated and apportioned to income from sources outside the United States and deducted from such income in determining the amount of taxable income from sources outside the United States.

(C) The remaining portion of qualified research and experimental expenditures (not allocated under subparagraphs (A) and (B)) shall be apportioned, at the annual election of the taxpayer, on the basis of gross sales or gross income, except that, if the taxpayer elects to apportion on the basis of gross income, the amount apportioned to income from sources outside the United States shall at least be 30 percent of the amount which would be so apportioned on the basis of gross sales.

(2) Qualified research and experimental expenditures

For purposes of this section, the term “qualified research and experimental expenditures” means amounts which are foreign research or experimental expenditures within the meaning of section 174 or domestic research or experimental expenditures within the meaning of section 174A. For purposes of this paragraph, rules similar to the rules of subsection (c) of section 174 shall apply. Any qualified research and experimental expenditures allowed as an amortization deduction under section 174(a) or section 174A(c), shall be taken into account under this subsection for the taxable year for which such expenditures are allowed as a deduction under such section (as the case may be).

(3) Special rules for expenditures attributable to activities conducted in space, etc.

(A) In general

Any qualified research and experimental expenditures described in subparagraph (B)⁠—

(i) if incurred by a United States person, shall be allocated and apportioned under this section in the same manner as if they were attributable to activities conducted in the United States, and

(ii) if incurred by a person other than a United States person, shall be allocated and apportioned under this section in the same manner as if they were attributable to activities conducted outside the United States.

(B) Description of expenditures

For purposes of subparagraph (A), qualified research and experimental expenditures are described in this subparagraph if such expenditures are attributable to activities conducted⁠—

(i) in space,

(ii) on or under water not within the jurisdiction (as recognized by the United States) of a foreign country, possession of the United States, or the United States, or

(iii) in Antarctica.

(4) Affiliated group

(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the allocation and apportionment required by paragraph (1) shall be determined as if all members of the affiliated group (as defined in subsection (e)(5)) were a single corporation.

(B) For purposes of the allocation and apportionment required by paragraph (1)⁠—

(i) sales and gross income from products produced in whole or in part in a possession by an electing corporation (within the meaning of section 936(h)(5)(E)),² and

(ii) dividends from an electing corporation,

shall not be taken into account, except that this subparagraph shall not apply to sales of (and gross income and dividends attributable to sales of) products with respect to which an election under section 936(h)(5)(F)² is not in effect.

(C) The qualified research and experimental expenditures taken into account for purposes of paragraph (1) shall be adjusted to reflect the amount of such expenditures included in computing the cost-sharing amount (determined under section 936(h)(5)(C)(i)(I)).²

(D) The Secretary may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this paragraph, including regulations providing for the source of gross income and the allocation and apportionment of deductions to take into account the adjustments required by subparagraph (B) or (C).

(E) Paragraph (6) of subsection (e) shall not apply to qualified research and experimental expenditures.

(5) Regulations

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection, including regulations relating to the determination of whether any expenses are attributable to activities conducted in the United States or outside the United States and regulations providing such adjustments to the provisions of this subsection as may be appropriate in the case of cost-sharing arrangements and contract research.

(6) Applicability

This subsection shall apply to the taxpayer’s first taxable year (beginning on or before August 1, 1994) following the taxpayer’s last taxable year to which Revenue Procedure 92–56 applies or would apply if the taxpayer elected the benefits of such Revenue Procedure.

Примечания и история источника · EN

( Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736 , 68A Stat. 278 ; Pub. L. 89-809, title I, § 102(d) , Nov. 13, 1966 , 80 Stat. 1544 ; Pub. L. 94-455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(113) , Oct. 4, 1976 , 90 Stat. 1783 ; Pub. L. 98-369, div. A, title I , §§ 123(a), 127(c), July 18, 1984 , 98 Stat. 644 , 651; Pub. L. 99-514, title XII , §§ 1201(d)(4), 1211(b)(2), 1215(a), (b)(1), 1221(a)(2), 1223(b)(1), 1242(a), (b), 1275(c)(7), title XVIII, §§ 1810(c)(2), (3), 1899A(21), Oct. 22, 1986 , 100 Stat. 2525 , 2536, 2544, 2545, 2550, 2558, 2580, 2599, 2824, 2959; Pub. L. 100-203, title X, § 10242(b) , Dec. 22, 1987 , 101 Stat. 1330–423 ; Pub. L. 100-647, title I, § 1012(a)(1)(B) , (d)(7), (10), (g)(5), (h)(1), (2)(A), (3)–(6), (p)(30), (r), Nov. 10, 1988 , 102 Stat. 3494 , 3498, 3499, 3501–3503, 3521, 3525; Pub. L. 101-239, title VII, § 7111 , Dec. 19, 1989 , 103 Stat. 2326 ; Pub. L. 101-508, title XI, § 11401(a) , Nov. 5, 1990 , 104 Stat. 1388–472 ; Pub. L. 102-227, title I, § 101(a) , Dec. 11, 1991 , 105 Stat. 1686 ; Pub. L. 103-66, title XIII, § 13234 , Aug. 10, 1993 , 107 Stat. 504 ; Pub. L. 105-34, title XI, § 1162(a) , Aug. 5, 1997 , 111 Stat. 987 ; Pub. L. 106-170, title V, § 532(c)(2)(N) –(P), Dec. 17, 1999 , 113 Stat. 1931 ; Pub. L. 106-519, § 4(3) , Nov. 15, 2000 , 114 Stat. 2432 ; Pub. L. 108-357, title I, § 101(b)(6) , title IV, §§ 401(a), (b), 403(b)(6), 413(c)(12), title VIII, § 894(a), Oct. 22, 2004 , 118 Stat. 1423 , 1488, 1491, 1494, 1507, 1647; Pub. L. 110-289, div. C, title III, § 3093(a) , (b), July 30, 2008 , 122 Stat. 2912 ; Pub. L. 111-92, § 15(a) , (b), Nov. 6, 2009 , 123 Stat. 2996 ; Pub. L. 111-147, title V, § 551(a) , Mar. 18, 2010 , 124 Stat. 117 ; Pub. L. 111-226, title II, § 216(a) , Aug. 10, 2010 , 124 Stat. 2400 ; Pub. L. 111-240, title II, § 2122(c) , Sept. 27, 2010 , 124 Stat. 2568 ; Pub. L. 115-97, title I , §§ 13501(a), 14502(a), Dec. 22, 2017 , 131 Stat. 2138 , 2235; Pub. L. 115-141, div. U, title IV, § 401(a)(152) , (d)(1)(D)(x), (xvii)(IV), (V), Mar. 23, 2018 , 132 Stat. 1191 , 1207, 1208; Pub. L. 117-2, title IX, § 9671(a) , Mar. 11, 2021 , 135 Stat. 184 ; Pub. L. 119-21, title VII, § 70302(b)(9) , July 4, 2025 , 139 Stat. 192 .)

Editorial Notes

References in TextSection 2(a) of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, referred to in subsec. (e)(5)(D)(i), is classified to section 1841(a) of Title 12, Banks and Banking.Section 936, referred to in subsec. (g)(4)(B), (C), was repealed by Pub. L. 115-141, div. U, title IV, § 401(d)(1)(C), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1206.

Amendments2025⁠—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 119-21 substituted “foreign research or experimental expenditures within the meaning of section 174 or domestic research or experimental expenditures within the meaning of section 174A” for “research and experimental expenditures within the meaning of section 174”, “allowed as an amortization deduction under section 174(a) or section 174A(c),” for “treated as deferred expenses under subsection (b) of section 174”, and “such section (as the case may be)” for “such subsection”.2021⁠—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 117-2 struck out subsec. (f) which related to election to allocate interest and other expenses on worldwide basis.2018⁠—Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 115-141, § 401(d)(1)(D)(x), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) related to certain provisions that did not apply to any amount treated as interest under par. (1) or (6).Subsec. (d)(8). Pub. L. 115-141, § 401(a)(152), substituted “section 956(c)(3)” for “section 956(b)(3)”.Subsec. (e)(5)(A). Pub. L. 115-141, § 401(d)(1)(D)(xvii)(IV), struck out “(determined without regard to paragraph (4) of section 1504(b))” after “section 1504” in introductory provisions.Subsec. (f)(1)(C)(i). Pub. L. 115-141, § 401(d)(1)(D)(xvii)(V), substituted “paragraph (2)” for “paragraphs (2) and (4)”.Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 115-141, § 401(d)(1)(D)(xvii)(V), which directed amendment of par. (2) by substituting “paragraph (2)” for “paragraphs (2) and (4)”, was executed by making the substitution for “paragraph (4)”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.2017⁠—Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 115-97, § 13501(a)(2)(A), substituted “(7), and (8)” for “and (7)”.Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 115-97, § 13501(a)(2)(B), substituted “(7), or (8)” for “or (7)”.Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 115-97, § 13501(a)(1), added par. (8).Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 115-97, § 14502(a), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “All allocations and apportionments of interest expense shall be made on the basis of assets rather than gross income.”2010⁠—Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 111-240 substituted “dividends, interest, or amounts received for the provision of guarantees of indebtedness” for “dividends or interest”.Subsec. (e)(5)(A). Pub. L. 111-226 inserted at end “Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, a foreign corporation shall be treated as a member of the affiliated group if⁠—” and added cls. (i) and (ii).Subsec. (f)(5)(D), (6). Pub. L. 111-147 substituted “December 31, 2020” for “December 31, 2017”.2009⁠—Subsec. (f)(5)(D), (6). Pub. L. 111-92, § 15(a), substituted “December 31, 2017” for “December 31, 2010”.Subsec. (f)(7). Pub. L. 111-92, § 15(b), struck out par. (7). Text read as follows: “In the case of the first taxable year to which this subsection applies, the increase (if any) in the amount of the interest expense allocable to sources within the United States by reason of the application of this subsection shall be 30 percent of the amount of such increase determined without regard to this paragraph.”2008⁠—Subsec. (f)(5)(D), (6). Pub. L. 110-289, § 3093(a), substituted “December 31, 2010” for “December 31, 2008”.Subsec. (f)(7). Pub. L. 110-289, § 3093(b), added par. (7).2004⁠—Subsec. (c)(4)(B). Pub. L. 108-357, § 894(a), added concluding provisions.Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 108-357, § 413(c)(12), redesignated subpars. (B) and (C) as (A) and (B), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “Part III of subchapter G of this chapter (relating to foreign personal holding companies).”Subsec. (d)(5)(A)(i). Pub. L. 108-357, § 403(b)(6), substituted “(C)(iii)(II)” for “(C)(iii)(III)”.Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 108-357, § 101(b)(6), struck out “(A) In general” before “For purposes” and struck out heading and text of subpar. (B). Text read as follows: “For purposes of allocating and apportioning any interest expense, there shall not be taken into account any qualifying foreign trade property (as defined in section 943(a)) which is held by the taxpayer for lease or rental in the ordinary course of trade or business for use by the lessee outside the United States (as defined in section 943(b)(2)).”Subsec. (e)(7)(B). Pub. L. 108-357, § 401(b)(1), inserted “and in other circumstances where such allocation would be appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection” before comma at end.Subsec. (e)(7)(F), (G). Pub. L. 108-357, § 401(b)(2), added subpar. (F) and redesignated former subpar. (F) as (G).Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 108-357, § 401(a), added subsec. (f) and redesignated former subsec. (f) as (g).2000⁠—Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 106-519 designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, and added subpar. (B).1999⁠—Subsecs. (c)(4)(B)(iii), (d)(3)(A), (6)(A). Pub. L. 106-170 substituted “section 1221(a)(1)” for “section 1221(1)”.1997⁠—Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 105-34 struck out “, or in the case of a corporation (other than a corporation which is, or but for section 542(c)(7), 542(c)(10), or 543(b)(1)(C) would be, a personal holding company) the principal business of which is trading in stocks or securities for its own account, if its principal office is in the United States” after “dealer in stocks or securities”.1993⁠—Subsec. (f)(1)(B). Pub. L. 103-66, § 13234(a), substituted “50 percent” for “64 percent” in cls. (i) and (ii).Subsec. (f)(4)(D). Pub. L. 103-66, § 13234(b)(2), substituted “subparagraph (B) or (C)” for “subparagraph (C)”.Subsec. (f)(5), (6). Pub. L. 103-66, § 13234(b)(1), added pars. (5) and (6) and struck out heading and text of former par. (5). Text read as follows:“(A) In general.⁠—This subsection shall apply to the taxpayer’s first 3 taxable years beginning after August 1, 1989, and on or before August 1, 1992.“(B) Reduction.⁠—Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), in the case of the taxpayer’s first taxable year beginning after August 1, 1991, this subsection shall only apply to qualified research and experimental expenditures incurred during the first 6 months of such taxable year.”1991⁠—Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 102-227 amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: “This subsection shall apply to the taxpayer’s first 2 taxable years beginning after August 1, 1989, and on or before August 1, 1991.”1990⁠—Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 101-508 substituted “Years” for “Year” in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:“(A) In general.⁠—Except as provided in this paragraph, this subsection shall apply to the taxpayer’s first taxable year beginning after August 1, 1989, and before August 2, 1990.“(B) Reduction.⁠—Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), this subsection shall only apply to that portion of the qualified research and experimental expenditures for the taxable year referred to in subparagraph (A) which bears the same ratio to the total amount of such expenditures as⁠—“(i) the lesser of 9 months or the number of months in the taxable year, bears to“(ii) the number of months in the taxable year.”1989⁠—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101-239 added subsec. (f).1988⁠—Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(p)(30), substituted “section 542(c)(7), 542(c)(10),” for “section 542(c)(7)”.Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(g)(5), struck out at end “In applying this paragraph and paragraph (4), interest referred to in section 861(a)(1)(A) shall be considered income from sources within the United States.”Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(i), (ii). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(10), struck out “(including any gain or loss realized on the sale or exchange of such property)” after “section 862(a)(4)” in cl. (i) and “, or gain or loss from the sale or exchange of stock or notes, bonds, or other evidences of indebtedness” after “dividends or interest” in cl. (ii).Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(7), added cl. (iii).Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(r)(2), amended par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (6) read as follows: “For purposes of this title, any income or gain of a nonresident alien individual or a foreign corporation for any taxable year which is attributable to a sale or exchange of property or the performance of services (or any other transaction) in any other taxable year shall be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States if it would have been so treated if such income or gain were taken into account in such other taxable year.”Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(r)(1), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: “For purposes of this title, if any property ceases to be used or held for use in connection with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, the determination of whether any income or gain attributable to a sale or exchange of such property occurring within 10 years after such cessation is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States shall be made as if such sale or exchange occurred immediately before such cessation.”Subsec. (d)(5)(A)(i). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(a)(1)(B), substituted “(C)(iii)(III)” for “(C)(iii)”.Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(h)(6)(B), struck out “(except as provided in regulations)” after “subchapter”.Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(h)(2)(A), struck out “from sources outside the United States” after “affiliated group”.Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(h)(3), inserted sentence at end and struck out former last sentence which read as follows: “A similar rule shall apply in the case of any dividend (other than a qualifying dividend as defined in section 243(b)) for which a deduction is allowable under section 243 or 245(a) and any stock the dividends on which would be so deductible and would not be qualifying dividends (as so defined).”Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(h)(1), substituted “nonaffiliated 10-percent owned corporations” for “certain corporations” in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For purposes of allocating and apportioning expenses on the basis of assets, the adjusted basis of any asset which is stock in a corporation which is not included in the affiliated group and in which members of the affiliated group own 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote in such corporation shall be⁠—“(A) increased by the amount of the earnings and profits of such corporation attributable to such stock and accumulated during the period the taxpayer held such stock, or“(B) reduced (but not below zero) by any deficit in earnings and profits of such corporation attributable to such stock for such period.”Subsec. (e)(5)(B). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(h)(4)(B), inserted at end “This subparagraph shall not apply for purposes of paragraph (6).”Subsec. (e)(5)(D). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(h)(4)(A), added subpar. (D).Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(h)(5), substituted “directly allocable or apportioned” for “directly allocable and apportioned”.Subsec. (e)(7)(D) to (F). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(h)(6)(A), added subpars. (D) to (F).1987⁠—Subsec. (c)(4)(C). Pub. L. 100-203 inserted “or part II” after “part I”.1986⁠—Pub. L. 99-514, § 1215(b)(1), inserted “and special rules” in section catchline.Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1242(b)(1), inserted reference to pars. (6) and (7).Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1242(b)(2), inserted “paragraph (6) or (7) or in”.Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1899A(21), inserted a comma between “section 871(h)” and “section 881(a)”.Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1211(b)(2), struck out cl. (iii), which read as follows: “is derived from the sale or exchange (without the United States) through such office or other fixed place of business of personal property described in section 1221(1), except that this clause shall not apply if the property is sold or exchanged for use, consumption, or disposition outside the United States and an office or other fixed place of business of the taxpayer outside the United States participated materially in such sale or exchange.”Subsec. (c)(6), (7). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1242(a), added pars. (6) and (7).Subsec. (d)(5)(A)(i). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1201(d)(4), amended cl. (i) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (i) read as follows: “Subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) of section 904(d)(2) (relating to interest income to which separate limitation applies) and subparagraph (J) of section 904(d)(3) (relating to interest from members of same affiliated group).”Pub. L. 99-514, § 1810(c)(3), inserted “and subparagraph (J) of section 904(d)(3) (relating to interest from members of same affiliated group)”.Subsec. (d)(5)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1223(b)(1), substituted “less than 5 percent or $1,000,000” for “less than 10 percent”.Subsec. (d)(5)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1221(a)(2), amended cl. (iii) generally, substituting “section 954(c)(2) (relating to certain export financing)” for “section 954(c)(3) (relating to certain income derived in active conduct of trade or business)”.Subsec. (d)(5)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1221(a)(2), amended cl. (iv) generally, substituting “Clause (i) of section 954(c)(3)(A) (relating to” for “Subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 954(c)(4) (relating to exception for”.Subsec. (d)(5)(B). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1275(c)(7), amended subpar. (B) generally, striking out cl. (i) heading, substituting “An amount” for “Any amount”, and striking out cl. (ii), Virgin Islands corporations, which read as follows: “Subsection (b) of section 934 shall not apply to any amount treated as interest under paragraph (1) unless such amount is from sources within the Virgin Islands (determined after the application of paragraph (1)).”Subsec. (d)(7), (8). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1810(c)(2), added par. (7) and redesignated former par. (7) as (8).Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99-514, § 1215(a), added subsec. (e).1984⁠—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 98-369, § 127(c), substituted “section 871(a)(1), section 871(h) section 881(a), or section 881(c)” for “section 871(a)(1) or section 881(a)”.Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98-369, § 123(a), added subsec. (d).1976⁠—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94-455, § 1901(a)(113)(A), substituted in heading “Produced” for “Sale, etc.” and struck out in text provisions relating to the definition of sale and sold.Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 94-455, § 1901(a)(113)(B), substituted “sale or exchange” for “sale”.Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 94-455, § 1901(a)(113)(B), (C), substituted “sold or exchanged” for “sold” and “sale or exchange” for “sale” wherever appearing.Subsec. (c)(5)(C). Pub. L. 94-455, § 1901(a)(113)(B), substituted “sale or exchange” for “sale” wherever appearing.1966⁠—Pub. L. 89-809 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2025 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 119-21 applicable to amounts paid or incurred in taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2024, subject to election for retroactive application by certain small businesses and election to deduct certain unamortized amounts paid or incurred in taxable years beginning before Jan. 1, 2025, see section 70302(e), (f) of Pub. L. 119-21, set out as an Effective Date note under section 174A of this title.

Effective Date of 2021 AmendmentPub. L. 117-2, title IX, § 9671(b), Mar. 11, 2021, 135 Stat. 184, provided that:“The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2020.”

Effective Date of 2017 AmendmentPub. L. 115-97, title I, § 13501(c)(1), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2141, provided that:“The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to sales, exchanges, and dispositions on or after November 27, 2017.”Pub. L. 115-97, title I, § 14502(b), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2235, provided that:“The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017.”

Effective Date of 2010 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 111-240 applicable to guarantees issued after Sept. 27, 2010, see section 2122(d) of Pub. L. 111-240, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.Pub. L. 111-226, title II, § 216(b), Aug. 10, 2010, 124 Stat. 2400, provided that:“The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 2010].”Pub. L. 111-147, title V, § 551(b), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 117, provided that:“The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Mar. 18, 2010].”

Effective Date of 2009 AmendmentPub. L. 111-92, § 15(c), Nov. 6, 2009, 123 Stat. 2996, provided that:“The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010.”

Effective Date of 2008 AmendmentPub. L. 110-289, div. C, title III, § 3093(c), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2912, provided that:“The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2008.”

Effective Date of 2004 AmendmentAmendment by section 101(b)(6) of Pub. L. 108-357 applicable to transactions after Dec. 31, 2004, see section 101(c) of Pub. L. 108-357, set out as a note under section 56 of this title.Pub. L. 108-357, title IV, § 401(c), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1491, provided that:“The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2008.”Pub. L. 108-357, title IV, § 403(c), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1494, provided that:“The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 904 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2002.”Pub. L. 108-357, title IV, § 403(d), as added by Pub. L. 109-135, title IV, § 403(l), Dec. 21, 2005, 119 Stat. 2625, provided that:“If the taxpayer elects (at such time and in such form and manner as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe) to have the rules of this subsection apply⁠—“(1) the amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 904 of this title] shall not apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2002, and before January 1, 2005, and“(2) in the case of taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004, clause (iv) of section 904(d)(4)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended by this section) shall be applied by substituting ‘January 1, 2005’ for ‘January 1, 2003’ both places it appears.”[Amendment by Pub. L. 109-135 adding section 403(d) of Pub. L. 108-357, set out above, effective as if included in the provision of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, Pub. L. 108-357, to which such amendment relates, see section 403(nn) of Pub. L. 109-135, set out as an Effective Date of 2005 Amendment note under section 26 of this title.]Amendment by section 413(c)(12) of Pub. L. 108-357 applicable to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after Dec. 31, 2004, and to taxable years of United States shareholders with or within which such taxable years of foreign corporations end, see section 413(d)(1) of Pub. L. 108-357, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2004 Amendments note under section 1 of this title.Pub. L. 108-357, title VIII, § 894(b), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1647, provided that:“The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 2004].”

Effective Date of 2000 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 106-519 applicable to transactions after Sept. 30, 2000, with special rules relating to existing foreign sales corporations, see section 5 of Pub. L. 106-519, set out as a note under section 56 of this title.

Effective Date of 1999 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 106-170 applicable to any instrument held, acquired, or entered into, any transaction entered into, and supplies held or acquired on or after Dec. 17, 1999, see section 532(d) of Pub. L. 106-170, set out as a note under section 170 of this title.

Effective Date of 1997 AmendmentPub. L. 105-34, title XI, § 1162(b), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 987, provided that:“The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1997.”

Effective Date of 1991 AmendmentPub. L. 102-227, title I, § 101(b), Dec. 11, 1991, 105 Stat. 1686, provided that:“The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after August 1, 1989.”

Effective Date of 1990 AmendmentPub. L. 101-508, title XI, § 11401(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–472, provided that:“The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after August 1, 1989.”

Effective Date of 1987 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 100-203 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1987, see section 10242(d) of Pub. L. 100-203, set out as a note under section 816 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 AmendmentAmendment by section 1201(d)(4) of Pub. L. 99-514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, except as otherwise provided, see section 1201(e) of Pub. L. 99-514, set out as a note under section 904 of this title.Amendment by section 1211(b)(2) of Pub. L. 99-514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, except as otherwise provided, see section 1211(c) of Pub. L. 99-514, set out as an Effective Date note under section 865 of this title.Pub. L. 99-514, title XII, § 1215(c), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2545, as amended by Pub. L. 100-647, title I, § 1012(h)(7), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3504; Pub. L. 104-191, title V, § 521(a), Aug. 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 2103, provided that:“(1) In general.⁠—Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.“(2) Transitional rules.⁠—“(A) General phase-in.⁠—“(i) In general.⁠—In the case of the 1st 3 taxable years of the taxpayer beginning after December 31, 1986, the amendments made by this section shall not apply to interest expenses paid or accrued by the taxpayer during the taxable year with respect to an aggregate amount of indebtedness which does not exceed the general phase-in amount.“(ii) General phase-in amount.⁠—Except as provided in clause (iii), the general phase-in amount for purposes of clause (i) is the applicable percentage (determined under the following table) of the aggregate amount of indebtedness of the taxpayer outstanding on November 16, 1985: The applicable“In the case of the:percentage is:1st taxable year752nd taxable year503rd taxable year25.“(iii) Lower limit where taxpayer reduces indebtedness.⁠—For purposes of applying this subparagraph to interest expenses attributable to any month, the general phase-in amount shall in no event exceed the lowest amount of indebtedness of the taxpayer outstanding as of the close of any preceding month beginning after November 16, 1985. To the extent provided in regulations, the average amount of indebtedness outstanding during any month shall be used (in lieu of the amount outstanding as of the close of such month) for purposes of the preceding sentence.“(B) Consolidation rule not to apply to certain interest.⁠—“(i) In general.⁠—In the case of the 1st 5 taxable years of the taxpayer beginning after December 31, 1986—“(I) subparagraph (A) shall not apply for purposes of paragraph (1) of section 864(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section), but“(II) such paragraph (1) shall not apply to interest expenses paid or accrued by the taxpayer during the taxable year with respect to an aggregate amount of indebtedness which does not exceed the special phase-in amount.“(ii) Special phase-in amount.⁠—The special phase-in amount for purposes of clause (i) is the sum of⁠—“(I) the general phase-in amount as determined for purposes of subparagraph (A),“(II) the 5-year phase-in amount, and“(III) the 4-year phase-in amount. For purposes of applying this subparagraph to interest expense attributable to any month, the special phase-in amount shall in no event exceed the limitation determined under subparagraph (A)(iii).“(iii) 5-year phase-in amount.⁠—The 5-year phase-in amount is the lesser of⁠—“(I) the applicable percentage (determined under the following table for purposes of this subclause) of the 5-year debt amount, or“(II) the applicable percentage (determined under the following table for purposes of this subclause) of the 5-year debt amount reduced by paydowns:“In the case of the:The applicable percentage for purposes of subclause (I) is:The applicable percentage for purposes of subclause (II) is:1st taxable year8⅓102nd taxable year16⅔253rd taxable year25504th taxable year33⅓1005th taxable year16⅔100.“(iv) 4-year phase-in amount.⁠—The 4-year phase-in amount is the lesser of⁠—“(I) the applicable percentage (determined under the following table for purposes of this subclause) of the 4-year debt amount, or“(II) the applicable percentage (determined under the following table for purposes of this subclause) of the 4-year debt amount reduced by paydowns to the extent such paydowns exceed the 5-year debt amount:“In the case of the:The applicable percentage for purposes of subclause (I) is:The applicable percentage for purposes of subclause (II) is:1st taxable year56¼2nd taxable year1016⅔3rd taxable year1537½4th taxable year201005th taxable year00.“(v) 5-year debt amount.⁠—The term ‘5-year debt amount’ means the excess (if any) of⁠—“(I) the amount of the outstanding indebtedness of the taxpayer on May 29, 1985, over“(II) the amount of the outstanding indebtedness of the taxpayer as of the close of December 31, 1983. The 5-year debt amount shall not exceed the aggregate amount of indebtedness of the taxpayer outstanding on November 16, 1985.“(vi) 4-year debt amount.⁠—The term ‘4-year debt amount’ means the excess (if any) of⁠—“(I) the amount referred to in clause (v)(II), over“(II) the amount of the outstanding indebtedness of the taxpayer as of the close of December 31, 1982. The 4-year debt amount shall not exceed the aggregate amount of indebtedness of the taxpayer outstanding on November 16, 1985, reduced by the 5-year debt amount.“(vii) Paydowns.⁠—For purposes of applying this subparagraph to interest expenses attributable to any month, the term ‘paydowns’ means the excess (if any) of⁠—“(I) the aggregate amount of indebtedness of the taxpayer outstanding on November 16, 1985, over“(II) the lowest amount of indebtedness of the taxpayer outstanding as of the close of any preceding month beginning after November 16, 1985 (or, to the extent provided in regulations under subparagraph (A)(iii), the average amount of indebtedness outstanding during any such month).“(C) Coordination of subparagraphs (a) and (b).⁠—In applying subparagraph (B), there shall first be taken into account indebtedness to which subparagraph (A) applies.“(D) Special rules.⁠—“(i) In the case of the 1st 9 taxable years of the taxpayer beginning after December 31, 1986, the amendments made by this section shall not apply to interest expenses paid or accrued by the taxpayer during the taxable year with respect to an aggregate amount of indebtedness which does not exceed the applicable percentage (determined under the following table) of the indebtedness described in clause (iii) or (iv):“In the case of the:The applicable percentage is:1st taxable year902nd taxable year803rd taxable year704th taxable year605th taxable year506th taxable year407th taxable year308th taxable year209th taxable year10.“(ii) The provisions of this subparagraph shall apply in lieu of the provisions of subparagraphs (A) and (B).“(iii) Indebtedness outstanding on may 29, 1985.⁠—Indebtedness is described in this clause if it is indebtedness (which was outstanding on May 29, 1985) of a corporation incorporated on June 13, 1917, which has its principal place of business in Bartlesville, Oklahoma.“(iv) Indebtedness outstanding on may 29, 1985.⁠—Indebtedness is described in this clause if it is indebtedness (which was outstanding on May 29, 1985) of a member of an affiliated group (as defined in section 1504(a) [of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986]), the common parent of which was incorporated on August 26, 1926, and has its principal place of business in Harrison, New York.“(E) Treatment of affiliated group.⁠—For purposes of this paragraph, all members of the same affiliated group of corporations (as defined in section 864(e)(5)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by this section) shall be treated as 1 taxpayer whether or not such members filed a consolidated return.“(F) Election to have paragraph not apply.⁠—A taxpayer may elect (at such time and in such manner as the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate may prescribe) to have this paragraph not apply. In the case of members of the same affiliated group (as so defined), such an election may be made only if each member consents to such election.“(3) Special rule.⁠—“(A) In general.⁠—In the case of a qualified corporation, in lieu of applying paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section shall not apply to interest expenses allocable to any indebtedness to the extent such indebtedness does not exceed $500,000,000 if⁠—“(i) the indebtedness was incurred to develop or improve existing property that is owned by the taxpayer on November 16, 1985, and was acquired with the intent to develop or improve the property,“(ii) the loan agreement with respect to the indebtedness provides that the funds are to be utilized for purposes of developing or improving the above property, and“(iii) the debt to equity ratio of the companies that join in the filing of the consolidated return is less than 15 percent.“(B) Qualified corporation.⁠—For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term ‘qualified corporation’ means a corporation⁠—“(i) which was incorporated in Delaware on June 29, 1964,“(ii) the principal subsidiary of which is a resident of Arkansas, and“(iii) which is a member of an affiliated group the average daily United States production of oil of which is less than 50,000 barrels and the average daily United States refining of which is less than 150,000 barrels.“(4) Special rules for subsidiary.⁠—The amendments made by this section shall not apply to interest on up to the applicable dollar amount of indebtedness of a subsidiary incorporated on February 11, 1975, the indebtedness of which on May 6, 1986, included⁠—“(A) $100,000,000 face amount of 11¾ percent notes due in 1990,“(B) $100,000,000 of 8¾ percent notes due in 1989,“(C) 6¾ percent Japanese yen notes due in 1991, and“(D) 5⅜ percent Swiss franc bonds due in 1994.For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘applicable dollar amount’ means $600,000,000 in the case of taxable years beginning in 1987 through 1991, $500,000,000 in the case of the taxable year beginning in 1992, $400,000,000 in the case of the taxable year beginning in 1993, $300,000,000 in the case of the taxable year beginning in 1994, $200,000,000 in the case of the taxable year beginning in 1995, $100,000,000 in the case of the taxable year beginning in 1996, and zero in the case of taxable years beginning after 1996.“[(5) Repealed. Pub. L. 104-191, title V, § 521(a), Aug. 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 2103.]“(6) Special rules for allocating general and administrative expenses.⁠—“(A) In general.⁠—In the case of an affiliated group of domestic corporations the common parent of which has its principal office in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and has a certificate of organization which was filed with the Secretary of the State of New Jersey on November 10, 1887, the amendments made by this section shall not apply to the phase-in percentage of general and administrative expenses paid or incurred in its 1st 3 taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.“(B) Phase-in percentage.⁠—For purposes of subparagraph (A): “In the case of taxableThe phase-inyears beginning in:percentage is:198775198850198925.”[Pub. L. 104-191, title V, § 521(b), Aug. 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 2103, provided that:[“(1) In general.⁠—The amendment made by this section [amending section 1215(c) of Pub. L. 99-514, set out above] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1995.[“(2) Special rule.⁠—In the case of the first taxable year beginning after December 31, 1995, the pre-effective date portion of the interest expense of the corporation referred to in such paragraph (5) of such section 1215(c) [of Pub. L. 99-514] for such taxable year shall be allocated and apportioned without regard to such amendment. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the pre-effective date portion is the amount which bears the same ratio to the interest expense for such taxable year as the number of days during such taxable year before the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 21, 1996] bears to 366.”]Amendment by section 1221(a)(2) of Pub. L. 99-514 applicable to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, except as otherwise provided, see section 1221(g) of Pub. L. 99-514, set out as a note under section 954 of this title.Pub. L. 99-514, title XII, § 1223(c), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2558, provided that:“The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 881 and 954 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.”Pub. L. 99-514, title XII, § 1242(c), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2580, provided that:“The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.”Amendment by section 1275(c)(7) of Pub. L. 99-514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, with certain exceptions and qualifications, see section 1277 of Pub. L. 99-514, set out as a note under section 931 of this title.Amendment by section 1810(c)(2), (3) of Pub. L. 99-514 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, Pub. L. 98-369, div. A, to which such amendment relates, see section 1881 of Pub. L. 99-514, set out as a note under section 48 of this title.

Effective Date of 1984 AmendmentPub. L. 98-369, div. A, title I, § 123(c), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 646, as amended by Pub. L. 99-514, § 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:“(1) In general.⁠—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 956 of this title] shall apply to accounts receivable and evidences of indebtedness transferred after March 1, 1984, in taxable years ending after such date.“(2) Transitional rule.⁠—The amendments made by this section shall not apply to accounts receivable and evidences of indebtedness acquired after March 1, 1984, and before March 1, 1994, by a Belgian corporation in existence on March 1, 1984, in any taxable year ending after such date, but only to the extent that the amount includible in gross income by reason of section 956 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] with respect to such corporation for all such taxable years is not reduced by reason of this paragraph by more than the lesser of⁠—“(A) $15,000,000 or“(B) the amount of the Belgian corporation’s adjusted basis on March 1, 1984, in stock of a foreign corporation formed to issue bonds outside the United States to the public.”Amendment by section 127(c) of Pub. L. 98-369 applicable to interest received after July 18, 1984, with respect to obligations issued after such date, in taxable years ending after such date, see section 127(g)(1) of Pub. L. 98-369, set out as a note under section 871 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 94-455 effective for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1901(d) of Pub. L. 94-455, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date of 1966 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 89-809 applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1966, except that in applying section 864(c)(4)(B)(iii) of this title with respect to a binding contract entered into on or before Feb. 24, 1966, activities in the United States on or before such date in negotiating or carrying out such contract shall not be taken into account, see section 102(e)(1) of Pub. L. 89-809, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.

Savings ProvisionFor provisions that nothing in amendment by section 401(d)(1)(D)(x), (xvii)(IV), (V) of Pub. L. 115-141 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Mar. 23, 2018, for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after Mar. 23, 2018, see section 401(e) of Pub. L. 115-141, set out as a note under section 23 of this title.

Applicability of Certain Amendments by Pub. L. 99-514 in Relation to Treaty Obligations of United StatesFor applicability of amendment by section 1201(d)(4) of Pub. L. 99-514 notwithstanding any treaty obligation of the United States in effect on Oct. 22, 1986, and for nonapplication of amendments by sections 1211(b)(2) and 1242(a) of Pub. L. 99-514 to the extent application of such amendments would be contrary to any treaty obligation of the United States in effect on Oct. 22, 1986, with provision that for such purposes any amendment by title I of Pub. L. 100-647 be treated as if it had been included in the provision of Pub. L. 99-514 to which such amendment relates, see section 1012(aa)(2) to (4) of Pub. L. 100-647, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.

Plan Amendments Not Required Until January 1, 1989For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§ 1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§ 1800–1899A] of Pub. L. 99-514 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1140 of Pub. L. 99-514, as amended, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.

2 See References in Text note below.

26 U.S.C. § 865. Правила определения источника дохода от продажи движимого имущества

Source rules for personal property sales

Источник EN · Office of the Law Revision Counsel ↗

Русский перевод

(a) Общее правило

Если иное не предусмотрено настоящей статьёй, доход от продажи движимого имущества:

(1) резидентом США считается полученным из источников в США, или

(2) нерезидентом считается полученным из источников за пределами США.

(b) Исключение для товарно-материальных запасов

В случае дохода, полученного от продажи товарно-материальных запасов:

(1) настоящая статья не применяется, и

(2) источник такого дохода определяется по правилам статей 861(a)(6), 862(a)(6) и 863.

Независимо от предыдущего предложения любой доход от продажи любой необработанной древесины хвойных пород, срубленной на территории США, считается полученным из источников в США, и правила статей 862(a)(6) и 863(b) к такому доходу не применяются. Для целей предыдущего предложения термин «необработанная древесина» означает любое бревно, брус (cant) или аналогичную форму лесоматериалов.

(1) Общее правило

Прибыль (в пределах сумм амортизационных корректировок) от продажи амортизируемого движимого имущества распределяется между источниками в США и источниками за пределами США:

(A) путём отнесения к источникам в США такой доли этой прибыли, какую амортизационные корректировки в США в отношении такого имущества составляют в общей сумме амортизационных корректировок, и

(B) путём отнесения оставшейся части такой прибыли к источникам за пределами США.

(2) Прибыль сверх амортизации

Источник прибыли (сверх амортизационных корректировок) от продажи амортизируемого движимого имущества определяется так, как если бы такое имущество являлось товарно-материальными запасами.

(3) Амортизационные корректировки в США

Для целей настоящего пункта:

(A) Общее правило

Термин «амортизационные корректировки в США» означает ту часть амортизационных корректировок скорректированной базы (adjusted basis) имущества, которая относится к амортизационным вычетам, допускаемым при исчислении налогооблагаемого дохода из источников в США.

(B) Специальное правило для отдельных видов имущества

За исключением имущества вида, указанного в статье 168(g)(4), если в каком-либо налоговом году:

(i) такое имущество используется преимущественно в США, или

(ii) такое имущество используется преимущественно за пределами США,

все амортизационные вычеты, допускаемые за такой год, рассматриваются как отнесённые к доходу из источников в США (или, если применяется абзац (ii), — из источников за пределами США).

(4) Другие определения

Для целей настоящего пункта:

(A) Амортизируемое движимое имущество

Термин «амортизируемое движимое имущество» означает любое движимое имущество, скорректированная база которого включает амортизационные корректировки.

(B) Амортизационные корректировки

Термин «амортизационные корректировки» означает корректировки, отражённые в скорректированной базе любого имущества в связи с амортизационными вычетами (независимо от того, были ли они допущены в отношении такого имущества или иного имущества и были ли они допущены налогоплательщику или любому иному лицу).

Термин «амортизационные вычеты» означает любые вычеты по износу (depreciation) или амортизации (amortization) либо любой иной вычет, допускаемый согласно любому положению настоящей главы, в силу которого затраты, которые в ином случае являлись бы капитальными, рассматриваются как вычитаемые расходы.

(d) Исключение для нематериального имущества

(1) Общее правило

В случае любой продажи нематериального имущества:

(A) настоящая статья применяется только в той мере, в какой платежи в качестве встречного предоставления за такую продажу не зависят от производительности, использования или отчуждения нематериального имущества, и

(B) в той мере, в какой такие платежи от этого зависят, источник таких платежей определяется в соответствии с настоящей частью так же, как если бы такие платежи являлись роялти.

(2) Нематериальное имущество

Для целей подпункта (1) термин «нематериальное имущество» означает любой патент, авторское право, секретную технологию или формулу, гудвилл, товарный знак, торговую марку, франшизу или иное аналогичное имущество.

(3) Специальное правило в отношении гудвилла

В той мере, в какой настоящая статья применяется к продаже гудвилла, платежи в качестве встречного предоставления за такую продажу рассматриваются как полученные из источников в стране, в которой был создан такой гудвилл.

(4) Согласование с пунктом (c)

(A) Источник прибыли, не превышающей амортизационных корректировок, определяется согласно пункту (c)

Независимо от подпункта (1) источник любой прибыли от продажи нематериального имущества определяется согласно пункту (c) в той мере, в какой такая прибыль не превышает амортизационных корректировок в отношении такого нематериального имущества.

(B) Пункт (c)(2) не применяется к нематериальному имуществу

Подпункт (2) пункта (c) не применяется к любой прибыли от продажи нематериального имущества.

(e) Специальные правила для продаж через конторы или постоянные места деятельности

(1) Продажи резидентами

(A) Общее правило

В случае дохода, источник которого не определяется согласно пункту (b), (c), (d)(1)(B) или (3) либо (f), если резидент США имеет контору или иное постоянное место деятельности в иностранном государстве, доход от продаж движимого имущества, относящийся к такой конторе или иному постоянному месту деятельности, считается полученным из источников за пределами США.

(B) Требование об уплате налога

Подпункт (A) применяется, только если иностранному государству в отношении такого дохода фактически уплачен налогNone на доходы в размере не менее 10 процентов дохода от продажи.

(2) Продажи нерезидентами

(A) Общее правило

Независимо от любых иных положений настоящей части, если нерезидент имеет контору или иное постоянное место деятельности в США, доход от любой продажи движимого имущества (включая товарно-материальные запасы), относящийся к такой конторе или иному постоянному месту деятельности, считается полученным из источников в США. Предыдущее предложение не применяется для целей статьи 971 (определяющей понятие экспортной торговой корпорации).

(B) Исключение

Подпункт (A) не применяется к любой продаже товарно-материальных запасов, продаваемых для использования, отчуждения или потребления за пределами США, если контора или иное постоянное место деятельности налогоплательщика в иностранном государстве существенно участвовали в продаже.

(3) Продажи, относящиеся к конторе или иному постоянному месту деятельности

Принципы статьи 864(c)(5) применяются при определении того, имеет ли налогоплательщик контору или иное постоянное место деятельности и относится ли продажа к такой конторе или иному постоянному месту деятельности.

(f) Акции аффилированных лиц

Если:

(1) резидент США продаёт акции аффилированного лица, являющегося иностранной корпорацией,

(2) такая продажа происходит в иностранном государстве, в котором такое аффилированное лицо занимается активным ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности, и

(3) более 50 процентов валового дохода такого аффилированного лица за 3-летний период, заканчивающийся с окончанием налогового года такого аффилированного лица, непосредственно предшествующего году, в котором произошла продажа, было получено от активного ведения торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в таком иностранном государстве,

любая прибыль от такой продажи считается полученной из источников за пределами США. Для целей подпунктов (2) и (3) резидент США вправе выбрать режим, при котором аффилированное лицо и все иные корпорации, полностью (прямо или косвенно) принадлежащие этому аффилированному лицу, рассматриваются как одна корпорация.

(g) Резидент США; нерезидент

Для целей настоящей статьи:

(1) Общее правило

Если иное не предусмотрено настоящим пунктом:

(A) Резидент США

Термин «резидент США» означает:

(i) любое физическое лицо, которое:

(I) является гражданином США или иностранцем-резидентом и не имеет налогового места жительства (tax home) (в значении статьи 911(d)(3)) в иностранном государстве, или

(II) является иностранцем-нерезидентом и имеет налоговое место жительства (в указанном значении) в США, и

(ii) любую корпорацию, траст или наследственную массу (estate), являющиеся лицом США (в значении статьи 7701(a)(30)).

(B) Нерезидент

Термин «нерезидент» означает любое лицо, не являющееся резидентом США.

(2) Специальные правила для граждан США и иностранцев-резидентов

Для целей настоящей статьи гражданин США или иностранец-резидент не рассматривается как нерезидент в отношении любой продажи движимого имущества, если только иностранному государству в отношении этой прибыли фактически не уплачен налогNone на доходы в размере не менее 10 процентов прибыли, полученной от такой продажи.

(3) Специальное правило для отдельных продаж акций резидентами Пуэрто-Рико

Подпункт (2) не применяется к продаже акций корпорации физическим лицом, которое в течение всего налогового года являлось фактическим (bona fide) резидентом Пуэрто-Рико, если:

(A) такая корпорация занимается активным ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в Пуэрто-Рико, и

(B) более 50 процентов её валового дохода за 3-летний период, заканчивающийся с окончанием налогового года такой корпорации, непосредственно предшествующего году, в котором произошла такая продажа, было получено от активного ведения торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в Пуэрто-Рико.

Для целей предыдущего предложения налогоплательщик вправе выбрать режим, при котором корпорация и все иные корпорации, полностью (прямо или косвенно) принадлежащие такой корпорации, рассматриваются как одна корпорация.

(h) Режим прибыли от продажи отдельных видов акций или нематериального имущества и от отдельных ликвидаций

(1) Общее правило

В случае прибыли, к которой применяется настоящий пункт:

(A) такая прибыль считается полученной из источников за пределами США, но

(B) пункты (a), (b) и (c) статьи 904, а также статьи 907 и 960 применяются отдельно в отношении такой прибыли.

(2) Прибыль, к которой применяется пункт

Настоящий пункт применяется к следующему:

(A) Прибыль от продажи отдельных видов акций или нематериального имущества

Любая прибыль:

(i) которая получена от продажи акций иностранной корпорации или нематериального имущества (в значении пункта (d)(2)) и которая в ином случае согласно настоящей статье считалась бы полученной из источников в США,

(ii) которая согласно обязательству США по международному договору (применяемому без учёта настоящей статьи) считалась бы полученной из источников за пределами США, и

(iii) в отношении которой налогоплательщик выбирает применение льгот, предусмотренных настоящим пунктом.

(B) Прибыль от ликвидации во владении

Любая прибыль, полученная в результате получения любого распределения при ликвидации корпорации:

(i) которая учреждена во владении США, и

(ii) более 50 процентов валового дохода которой за период из 3 налоговых лет, заканчивающийся с окончанием налогового года, непосредственно предшествующего налоговому году, в котором получено распределение, получено от активного ведения торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в таком владении.

(i) Другие определения

Для целей настоящей статьи:

(1) Товарно-материальные запасы

Термин «товарно-материальные запасы» означает движимое имущество, указанное в подпункте (1) статьи 1221(a).

(2) Продажа включает обмен

Термин «продажа» включает обмен или любое иное отчуждение.

(3) Режим владений

Любое владение США рассматривается как иностранное государство.

(4) Аффилированное лицо

Термин «аффилированное лицо» означает члена той же аффилированной группы (в значении статьи 1504(a) без учёта статьи 1504(b)).

(5) Режим партнёрств

В случае партнёрства, если иное не предусмотрено правилами, настоящая статья применяется на уровне партнёра.

(j) Правила

Министр финансов устанавливает правила, которые могут быть необходимы или целесообразны для достижения целей настоящей статьи, включая правила:

(1) касающиеся режима убытков от продажи движимого имущества,

(2) устанавливающие порядок применения правил настоящей статьи к доходу, полученному от торговли фьючерсными контрактами, форвардными контрактами, опционными контрактами и иными инструментами, и

(3) предусматривающие, что при соблюдении условий (которые могут включать положения, сопоставимые со статьёй 877), которые могут быть установлены такими правилами, пункты (e)(1)(B) и (g)(2) не применяются для целей статей 931 и 933.

(k) Перекрёстные ссылки

(1) Положения о квалификации в качестве дивидендов для целей определения источника прибыли от продажи акций отдельных иностранных корпораций см. в статье 1248.

(2) Об определении источника дохода от отдельных операций с иностранной валютой см. статью 988.

English original

(a) General rule

Except as otherwise provided in this section, income from the sale of personal property⁠—

(1) by a United States resident shall be sourced in the United States, or

(2) by a nonresident shall be sourced outside the United States.

(b) Exception for inventory property

In the case of income derived from the sale of inventory property⁠—

(1) this section shall not apply, and

(2) such income shall be sourced under the rules of sections 861(a)(6), 862(a)(6), and 863.

Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, any income from the sale of any unprocessed timber which is a softwood and was cut from an area in the United States shall be sourced in the United States and the rules of sections 862(a)(6) and 863(b) shall not apply to any such income. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term “unprocessed timber” means any log, cant, or similar form of timber.

(1) In general

Gain (not in excess of the depreciation adjustments) from the sale of depreciable personal property shall be allocated between sources in the United States and sources outside the United States⁠—

(A) by treating the same proportion of such gain as sourced in the United States as the United States depreciation adjustments with respect to such property bear to the total depreciation adjustments, and

(B) by treating the remaining portion of such gain as sourced outside the United States.

(2) Gain in excess of depreciation

Gain (in excess of the depreciation adjustments) from the sale of depreciable personal property shall be sourced as if such property were inventory property.

(3) United States depreciation adjustments

For purposes of this subsection⁠—

(A) In general

The term “United States depreciation adjustments” means the portion of the depreciation adjustments to the adjusted basis of the property which are attributable to the depreciation deductions allowable in computing taxable income from sources in the United States.

(B) Special rule for certain property

Except in the case of property of a kind described in section 168(g)(4), if, for any taxable year⁠—

(i) such property is used predominantly in the United States, or

(ii) such property is used predominantly outside the United States,

all of the depreciation deductions allowable for such year shall be treated as having been allocated to income from sources in the United States (or, where clause (ii) applies, from sources outside the United States).

(4) Other definitions

For purposes of this subsection⁠—

(A) Depreciable personal property

The term “depreciable personal property” means any personal property if the adjusted basis of such property includes depreciation adjustments.

(B) Depreciation adjustments

The term “depreciation adjustments” means adjustments reflected in the adjusted basis of any property on account of depreciation deductions (whether allowed with respect to such property or other property and whether allowed to the taxpayer or to any other person).

The term “depreciation deductions” means any deductions for depreciation or amortization or any other deduction allowable under any provision of this chapter which treats an otherwise capital expenditure as a deductible expense.

(d) Exception for intangibles

(1) In general

In the case of any sale of an intangible⁠—

(A) this section shall apply only to the extent the payments in consideration of such sale are not contingent on the productivity, use, or disposition of the intangible, and

(B) to the extent such payments are so contingent, the source of such payments shall be determined under this part in the same manner as if such payments were royalties.

(2) Intangible

For purposes of paragraph (1), the term “intangible” means any patent, copyright, secret process or formula, goodwill, trademark, trade brand, franchise, or other like property.

(3) Special rule in the case of goodwill

To the extent this section applies to the sale of goodwill, payments in consideration of such sale shall be treated as from sources in the country in which such goodwill was generated.

(4) Coordination with subsection (c)

(A) Gain not in excess of depreciation adjustments sourced under subsection (c)

Notwithstanding paragraph (1), any gain from the sale of an intangible shall be sourced under subsection (c) to the extent such gain does not exceed the depreciation adjustments with respect to such intangible.

(B) Subsection (c)(2) not to apply to intangibles

Paragraph (2) of subsection (c) shall not apply to any gain from the sale of an intangible.

(e) Special rules for sales through offices or fixed places of business

(1) Sales by residents

(A) In general

In the case of income not sourced under subsection (b), (c), (d)(1)(B) or (3), or (f), if a United States resident maintains an office or other fixed place of business in a foreign country, income from sales of personal property attributable to such office or other fixed place of business shall be sourced outside the United States.

(B) Tax must be imposed

Subparagraph (A) shall not apply unless an income tax equal to at least 10 percent of the income from the sale is actually paid to a foreign country with respect to such income.

(2) Sales by nonresidents

(A) In general

Notwithstanding any other provisions of this part, if a nonresident maintains an office or other fixed place of business in the United States, income from any sale of personal property (including inventory property) attributable to such office or other fixed place of business shall be sourced in the United States. The preceding sentence shall not apply for purposes of section 971 (defining export trade corporation).

(B) Exception

Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any sale of inventory property which is sold for use, disposition, or consumption outside the United States if an office or other fixed place of business of the taxpayer in a foreign country materially participated in the sale.

(3) Sales attributable to an office or other fixed place of business

The principles of section 864(c)(5) shall apply in determining whether a taxpayer has an office or other fixed place of business and whether a sale is attributable to such an office or other fixed place of business.

(f) Stock of affiliates

If⁠—

(1) a United States resident sells stock in an affiliate which is a foreign corporation,

(2) such sale occurs in a foreign country in which such affiliate is engaged in the active conduct of a trade or business, and

(3) more than 50 percent of the gross income of such affiliate for the 3-year period ending with the close of such affiliate’s taxable year immediately preceding the year in which the sale occurred was derived from the active conduct of a trade or business in such foreign country,

any gain from such sale shall be sourced outside the United States. For purposes of paragraphs (2) and (3), the United States resident may elect to treat an affiliate and all other corporations which are wholly owned (directly or indirectly) by the affiliate as one corporation.

(g) United States resident; nonresident

For purposes of this section⁠—

(1) In general

Except as otherwise provided in this subsection⁠—

(A) United States resident

The term “United States resident” means⁠—

(i) any individual who⁠—

(I) is a United States citizen or a resident alien and does not have a tax home (as defined in section 911(d)(3)) in a foreign country, or

(II) is a nonresident alien and has a tax home (as so defined) in the United States, and

(ii) any corporation, trust, or estate which is a United States person (as defined in section 7701(a)(30)).

(B) Nonresident

The term “nonresident” means any person other than a United States resident.

(2) Special rules for United States citizens and resident aliens

For purposes of this section, a United States citizen or resident alien shall not be treated as a nonresident with respect to any sale of personal property unless an income tax equal to at least 10 percent of the gain derived from such sale is actually paid to a foreign country with respect to that gain.

(3) Special rule for certain stock sales by residents of Puerto Rico

Paragraph (2) shall not apply to the sale by an individual who was a bona fide resident of Puerto Rico during the entire taxable year of stock in a corporation if⁠—

(A) such corporation is engaged in the active conduct of a trade or business in Puerto Rico, and

(B) more than 50 percent of its gross income for the 3-year period ending with the close of such corporation’s taxable year immediately preceding the year in which such sale occurred was derived from the active conduct of a trade or business in Puerto Rico.

For purposes of the preceding sentence, the taxpayer may elect to treat a corporation and all other corporations which are wholly owned (directly or indirectly) by such corporation as one corporation.

(h) Treatment of gains from sale of certain stock or intangibles and from certain liquidations

(1) In general

In the case of gain to which this subsection applies⁠—

(A) such gain shall be sourced outside the United States, but

(B) subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 904 and sections 907 and 960 shall be applied separately with respect to such gain.

(2) Gain to which subsection applies

This subsection shall apply to⁠—

(A) Gain from sale of certain stock or intangibles

Any gain⁠—

(i) which is from the sale of stock in a foreign corporation or an intangible (as defined in subsection (d)(2)) and which would otherwise be sourced in the United States under this section,

(ii) which, under a treaty obligation of the United States (applied without regard to this section), would be sourced outside the United States, and

(iii) with respect to which the taxpayer chooses the benefits of this subsection.

(B) Gain from liquidation in possession

Any gain which is derived from the receipt of any distribution in liquidation of a corporation⁠—

(i) which is organized in a possession of the United States, and

(ii) more than 50 percent of the gross income of which during the 3-taxable year period ending with the close of the taxable year immediately preceding the taxable year in which the distribution is received is from the active conduct of a trade or business in such possession.

(i) Other definitions

For purposes of this section⁠—

(1) Inventory property

The term “inventory property” means personal property described in paragraph (1) of section 1221(a).

(2) Sale includes exchange

The term “sale” includes an exchange or any other disposition.

(3) Treatment of possessions

Any possession of the United States shall be treated as a foreign country.

(4) Affiliate

The term “affiliate” means a member of the same affiliated group (within the meaning of section 1504(a) without regard to section 1504(b)).

(5) Treatment of partnerships

In the case of a partnership, except as provided in regulations, this section shall be applied at the partner level.

(j) Regulations

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purpose of this section, including regulations⁠—

(1) relating to the treatment of losses from sales of personal property,

(2) applying the rules of this section to income derived from trading in futures contracts, forward contracts, options contracts, and other instruments, and

(3) providing that, subject to such conditions (which may include provisions comparable to section 877) as may be provided in such regulations, subsections (e)(1)(B) and (g)(2) shall not apply for purposes of sections 931 and 933.

(k) Cross references

(1) For provisions relating to the characterization as dividends for source purposes of gains from the sale of stock in certain foreign corporations, see section 1248.

(2) For sourcing of income from certain foreign currency transactions, see section 988.

Примечания и история источника · EN

(Added Pub. L. 99-514, title XII, § 1211(a) , Oct. 22, 1986 , 100 Stat. 2533 ; amended Pub. L. 100-647, title I, § 1012(d)(1) –(6), (8), (9), (11), (12), Nov. 10, 1988 , 102 Stat. 3497–3499 ; Pub. L. 101-508, title XI, § 11813(b)(18) , Nov. 5, 1990 , 104 Stat. 1388–555 ; Pub. L. 103-66, title XIII, § 13239(c) , Aug. 10, 1993 , 107 Stat. 509 ; Pub. L. 104-188, title I, § 1704(f)(4)(A) , Aug. 20, 1996 , 110 Stat. 1880 ; Pub. L. 106-170, title V, § 532(c)(1)(E) , Dec. 17, 1999 , 113 Stat. 1930 ; Pub. L. 115-97, title I, § 14301(c)(6) , Dec. 22, 2017 , 131 Stat. 2222 ; Pub. L. 115-141, div. U, title IV, § 401(d)(1)(D)(xi) , Mar. 23, 2018 , 132 Stat. 1208 .)

Editorial Notes

Amendments2018⁠—Subsec. (j)(3). Pub. L. 115-141 substituted “and 933” for “, 933, and 936”.2017⁠—Subsec. (h)(1)(B). Pub. L. 115-97 substituted “907” for “902, 907,”.1999⁠—Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 106-170 substituted “section 1221(a)” for “section 1221”.1996⁠—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 104-188 substituted “863” for “863(b)”.1993⁠—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103-66 inserted at end “Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, any income from the sale of any unprocessed timber which is a softwood and was cut from an area in the United States shall be sourced in the United States and the rules of sections 862(a)(6) and 863(b) shall not apply to any such income. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term ‘unprocessed timber’ means any log, cant, or similar form of timber.”1990⁠—Subsec. (c)(3)(B). Pub. L. 101-508 substituted “section 168(g)(4)” for “section 48(a)(2)(B)”.1988⁠—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(12), inserted “franchise,” after “trade brand,”.Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(1), added par. (4).Subsec. (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(2), (9), substituted “(d)(1)(B) or (3)” for “(d)” and “in a foreign country” for first reference to “outside the United States”.Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(5), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: “Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to⁠—“(i) any sale of inventory property which is sold for use, disposition, or consumption outside the United States if an office or other fixed place of business of the taxpayer outside the United States materially participated in the sale, or“(ii) any amount included in gross income under section 951(a)(1)(A).”Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(4), amended subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (f) read as follows: “If⁠—“(1) a United States resident sells stock in an affiliate which is a foreign corporation,“(2) such affiliate is engaged in the active conduct of a trade or business, and“(3) such sale occurs in the foreign country in which the affiliate derived more than 50 percent of its gross income for the 3-year period ending with the close of the affiliate’s taxable year immediately preceding the year during which such sale occurred,any gain from such sale shall be sourced outside the United States.”Subsec. (g)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(11), amended cl. (i) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (i) read as follows: “any individual who has a tax home (as defined in section 911(d)(3)) in the United States, and”.Subsec. (g)(1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(3)(A), struck out “partnership,” after “corporation,”.Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(6)(A), added par. (3).Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(8), added subsec. (h) and redesignated former subsec. (h) as (i).Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(3)(B), added par. (5) to subsec. (h) prior to redesignation as subsec. (i).Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(8), redesignated former subsec. (h) as (i). Former subsec. (i) redesignated (j).Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(6)(B), added par. (3) to subsec. (i) prior to redesignation as subsec. (j).Subsec. (i)(5). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(3)(B), added par. (5) to subsec. (h) prior to redesignation as subsec. (i).Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(8), redesignated former subsec. (i) as (j). Former subsec. (j) redesignated (k).Subsec. (j)(3). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(6)(B), added par. (3) to subsec. (i) prior to redesignation as subsec. (j).Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 100-647, § 1012(d)(8), redesignated former subsec. (j) as (k).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2017 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 115-97 applicable to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after Dec. 31, 2017, and to taxable years of United States shareholders in which or with which such taxable years of foreign corporations end, see section 14301(d) of Pub. L. 115-97, set out as a note under section 78 of this title.

Effective Date of 1996 AmendmentPub. L. 104-188, title I, § 1704(f)(4)(B), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1880, provided that:“The amendment made by subparagraph (A) [amending this section] shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by section 1211 of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 [Pub. L. 99-514].”

Effective Date of 1993 AmendmentPub. L. 103-66, title XIII, § 13239(e), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 509, provided that:“The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 927, 954, and 993 of this title] shall apply to sales, exchanges, or other dispositions after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 1993].”

Effective Date of 1990 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 101-508 applicable to property placed in service after Dec. 31, 1990, but not applicable to any transition property (as defined in section 49(e) of this title), any property with respect to which qualified progress expenditures were previously taken into account under section 46(d) of this title, and any property described in section 46(b)(2)(C) of this title, as such sections were in effect on Nov. 4, 1990, see section 11813(c) of Pub. L. 101-508, set out as a note under section 45K of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 AmendmentPub. L. 100-647, title I, § 1012(d)(5), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3497, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1987.Amendment by section 1012(d)(1)–(4), (6), (8), (9), (11), (12) of Pub. L. 100-647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99-514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100-647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective DatePub. L. 99-514, title XII, § 1211(c), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2536, provided that:“(1) In general.⁠—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [enacting this section, amending sections 861 to 864, 871, 881, and 904 of this title, and enacting provisions set out below] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.“(2) Special rule for foreign persons.⁠—In the case of any foreign person other than any controlled foreign corporations (within the meaning of section 957(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986]), the amendments made by this section shall apply to transactions entered into after March 18, 1986.”

Savings ProvisionFor provisions that nothing in amendment by Pub. L. 115-141 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Mar. 23, 2018, for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after Mar. 23, 2018, see section 401(e) of Pub. L. 115-141, set out as a note under section 23 of this title.For provisions that nothing in amendment by Pub. L. 101-508 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Nov. 5, 1990, for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 11821(b) of Pub. L. 101-508, set out as a note under section 45K of this title.

Applicability of Certain Amendments by Pub. L. 99-514 in Relation to Treaty Obligations of United StatesFor nonapplication of amendment by section 1211(a) of Pub. L. 99-514 (enacting this section) to the extent application of such amendment would be contrary to any treaty obligation of the United States in effect on Oct. 22, 1986, with provision that for such purposes any amendment by title I of Pub. L. 100-647 be treated as if it had been included in the provision of Pub. L. 99-514 to which such amendment relates, see section 1012(aa)(3), (4) of Pub. L. 100-647, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.

Study of Source Rules for Sales of Inventory PropertyPub. L. 99-514, title XII, § 1211(d), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2536, directed Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate to conduct a study of source rules for sales of inventory property and, not later than Sept. 30, 1987 (due date extended to Jan. 1, 1992, by Pub. L. 101-508, title XI, § 11831(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–559), to submit to Committee on Ways and Means of House of Representatives and Committee on Finance of Senate a report of such study (together with recommendations he deemed advisable).

Терминология

Disregarded entity: Образование, не признаваемое отдельным от владельца для соответствующей налоговой цели. Его юридическое существование не прекращается; отдельные правила предусматривают самостоятельный статус для налогов, связанных с занятостью, акцизов и отчётности по статье 6038A.
Eligible entity: Организация, имеющая право выбора налоговой классификации по § 301.7701-3. Право определяется установленными нормой условиями, а не общей правоспособностью.
Domestic / foreign: США (созданный или учреждённый в США либо по праву США или штата) / иностранный — для целей конкретной нормы: «корпорация США», «партнёрство США». Деление не совпадает с делением на организации своего и другого штата.
United States person / foreign person: Лицо США / иностранное лицо. Значение определяется налоговыми правилами, включая § 7701(a)(30), и не сводится к гражданству физического лица.
Partnership / partner / partnership interest: Партнёрство / партнёр (участник партнёрства) / доля участия в партнёрстве. Налоговая классификация может отличаться от организационной формы по местному праву.
Effectively connected income (ECI): Доход, фактически связанный с ведением торговой или предпринимательской деятельности в США (статья 864(c)). Специальный налоговый критерий.
Effectively connected taxable income (ECTI): Налогооблагаемый доход, фактически связанный с деятельностью в США, для целей статьи 1446. Не тождествен валовому доходу или сумме распределений партнёрам.
Withholding agent / withholding: Налоговый агент / удержание налога. Налоговый агент, плательщик, посредник, получатель платежа и фактический получатель дохода могут быть разными лицами.
Amount realized: Сумма, полученная при отчуждении, определяемая применимыми налоговыми нормами. Может включать неденежное встречное предоставление и принятые обязательства; не тождественна прибыли или чистой денежной выручке.
Secretary / Commissioner: Secretary — министр финансов США или уполномоченное им лицо; Commissioner — комиссар Налоговой службы США (IRS). В § 301.7701-1(a)(4) Secretary of the Interior — министр внутренних дел США.
Return / information return / tax credit: Налоговая декларация / информационная декларация (информационная отчётность) / налоговый зачёт. Зачёт отличается от вычета и возврата налога.
Personal property: Движимое имущество в широком американском правовом смысле, включая отдельные нематериальные активы; не только личные вещи физического лица.
Sources within / without the United States: Источники в США / источники за пределами США. От отнесения дохода к источнику зависят налогообложение иностранных лиц и зачёт иностранного налога.
Inventory property: Товарно-материальные запасы в значении статьи 1221(a)(1); для них действуют специальные правила об источнике дохода от продажи (статьи 861(a)(6), 862(a)(6), 863(b), 865(b)).
Office or other fixed place of business: Контора или иное постоянное место деятельности — критерий статей 864(c)(5) и 865(e); понятие не тождественно постоянному представительству по соглашениям об избежании двойного налогообложения.
Tax home: Налоговое место жительства (tax home) в значении статьи 911(d)(3); используется в статье 865 для определения резидентства продавца.

О переводе и источниках

Неофициальный перевод BCA Group. Русский текст сверен с английским оригиналом абзац за абзацем: полнота, условия и исключения, отсылки, сроки, суммы и даты. Юридическую силу имеет английский текст. Редактор переводов: Александр Баранов, BCA Group. Сверено на 26.10.2026.

Источники: U.S. Code (Office of the Law Revision Counsel, uscode.house.gov) — текст с учётом законов по Public Law 119-124 от 15.10.2026; eCFR (ecfr.gov) — Title 26 по состоянию на 22.10.2026. eCFR — официально поддерживаемая электронная версия CFR, но не официальное юридическое издание. Даты применения отдельных норм определяются их собственными положениями.

Это тематическая подборка: переведены полностью включённые статьи и параграфы, включая примеры и положения о датах применения. Нормы, на которые даны отсылки, приводятся в других документах раздела, если они в него включены; в остальных случаях ссылка ведёт на официальный английский текст. Справки об истории изменений сохранены на английском языке.

Официальные тексты

Примечания редактора об особенностях английского текста

Статья 864(c)(1)(B). Цифра 1 после «paragraph (6)» — сноска оригинала U.S. Code («So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma»); в переводе обозначена надстрочным знаком.

Статья 864(g)(4)(B), (C). Цифра 2 после отсылок к статье 936 — сноска оригинала («See References in Text note below»); в переводе обозначена надстрочным знаком.

Статья 864(c)(5)(C). В U.S. Code напечатано «property allocable» — переведено по смыслу: «надлежащим образом относимые» (properly allocable).

Статья 864(c)(8). Опечатка «would be have been» в английском тексте в переводе не воспроизводится.

Источник дохода: доходы из источников в США и за их пределами — статьи 861–865 Налогового кодекса США

Налоговый кодекс США · 26 U.S.C.

26 U.S.C. § 861. Доход из источников в Соединённых Штатах⧉

26 U.S.C. § 862. Доход из источников за пределами Соединённых Штатов⧉

26 U.S.C. § 863. Специальные правила определения источника дохода⧉

26 U.S.C. § 864. Определения и специальные правила⧉

26 U.S.C. § 865. Правила определения источника дохода от продажи движимого имущества⧉

Терминология

О переводе и источниках

26 U.S.C. § 861. Доход из источников в Соединённых Штатах

26 U.S.C. § 862. Доход из источников за пределами Соединённых Штатов

26 U.S.C. § 863. Специальные правила определения источника дохода

26 U.S.C. § 864. Определения и специальные правила

26 U.S.C. § 865. Правила определения источника дохода от продажи движимого имущества